TONY HETHERINGTON: Back in business… gold firm boss with a VERY shady past

Tony Hetherington is Financial Mail on Sunday’s ace investigator, fighting readers corners, revealing the truth that lies behind closed doors and winning victories for those who have been left out-of-pocket. Find out how to contact him below. WE’RE WATCHING YOUWhat could possibly be worse than discovering that the trusted top salesman at a multi-million pound gold investment company is using an alias and has a dodgy past? Well, how about the fact that the owner of the same firm also uses an alias and has a dodgy past!Two weeks ago, I revealed that salesman Clive Lindsay, of Solomon Global Limited, is really Clive Mongelard, whose record as an investment scammer dates back over a decade. He is banned by the Financial Conduct Authority from working for any firm it regulates.Two days after The Mail on Sunday’s report appeared, Solomon Global’s managing director Paul Williams wrote: ‘Thank you for bringing the issues surrounding Clive Lindsay to our attention through your article.’We take these matters seriously, and as a result we have terminated Clive’s employment.’ So far, so good. But a closer look into Solomon Global, which sells gold coins as investments and had a turnover last year of almost £14 million, found surprisingly little at first about the background of its shadowy owner, Scott Wilson.Company records show that last January he acquired a more than 50 per cent stake in the business, and Solomon Global told Companies House that while he was not a director himself, he had the power to appoint or dismiss directors to run the business for him. Since then, Wilson has boosted his stake to 75 per cent or more. All that glitters: Solomon Global boss Scott Wilson is actually Scott AssemakisHe describes himself as a ‘business consultant specialising in marketing and sales’, but his LinkedIn page does not include a photograph and mentions only a spell as a self-employed salesman at an art gallery.From 2014 to 2022 he claims vaguely to have worked in financial services, but does not name a single employer, let alone any directorships or controlling shareholdings.And this is not surprising, since I can now reveal that Scott Wilson is actually Scott Assemakis.Under his real name, he recently had an 11-year ban on acting as a director of any company lifted.The restriction came in 2013, after he played a leading role in what the Insolvency Service described as a ‘£7million land-banking scam’.Using a variety of business names including Ultraclass, Burnhill Land Investments, and The Property Partnership, Assemakis and his crew sold plots of vastly overpriced land with false claims about its development potential.One investor paid £10,000 for a strip of land near Towcester in Northamptonshire, only to find that the council had already banned building even a fence on it, and its real value was about £75.Investigators from the Insolvency Service found Assemakis had pocketed over £1.3 million from the scam, while millions more vanished without trace.When the ban began in 2013, Assemakis had to stand down as a director of another of his investment companies, European Fine Wines Limited.It marketed wines at well above the prices charged by legitimate wine merchants and went into liquidation soon after he quit. Creditors claimed £3.4 million.They received just 1.4p for every pound they were owed.Another one-time director at European Fine Wines was Emrah Ceyhan. And until last January, when he handed over to Scott Assemakis, he was the behind-the-scenes boss of Solomon Global.  Both Williams and Assemakis were invited to comment, but neither did so.However, with the owner of Solomon Global and its leading salesman both feeling the need to use aliases because of past offences – which have left investors nursing big losses – it is not surprising that the Advertising Standards Authority banned the company’s recent promotion for making misleading claims.It would perhaps be foolish to expect anything less.Bailiffs after me for an error that wasn’t mine C.S. writes: I am being pursued by Direct Collection Bailiffs Ltd for alleged unpaid parking charges imposed by Britannia Parking, but this is entirely due to an error made by the parking firm itself.Tony Hetherington replies: You told me that you and your wife paid for parking at Flamborough Head on the Yorkshire coast, in a car park controlled by the local authority. However, the cafe there was full, so you drove to the nearby car park at North Landing, wrongly believing it was also run by the local council. Later that day, you left the car park, but drove back to let your disabled wife use the public toilets there before returning home. You realised your error when Britannia Parking, the company behind the North Landing car park, contacted you. But to your shock, you received two Penalty Charge Notices (PCNs), not one. Each was for £100, reduced to £60 if you paid quickly and without appealing. You paid the first £60 PCN but appealed against the second.This is where things went badly wrong, because Britannia attached your appeal to the first PCN, which you had paid. Confusingly, it cut the second penalty to £20, which you also paid. Even worse, it passed the first PCN to debt collectors and the sum rocketed to £170.I contacted both Britannia and its debt collectors. The latter quickly told me that Britannia had asked them to cease further action. Britannia itself admitted it had made an ‘administrative error’ with your appeal. It explained that it counted each separate entry into the car park as a new visit, with a new fee – even though the original charge covered you for both.Britannia has withdrawn all demands against you, but refuses to offer any comment or explanation, saying it ‘cannot comment on individual cases’, despite the fact that it held your signed authority to discuss its mistakes with me.If you believe you are the victim of financial wrongdoing, write to Tony Hetherington at Financial Mail, 9 Derry Street, London W8 5HY or email [email protected]. Because of the high volume of enquiries, personal replies cannot be given. Please send only copies of original documents, which we regret cannot be returned. 
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ABN Amro to close Dubai office amid thin business for Dutch lender

The Dutch bank ABN Amro is winding down its operations in Dubai and will transfer some of its existing clients in international commodities business to Amsterdam.“The activities in Dubai will be wound down or transferred to other locations because of the limited scale,” according to a brief statement in the bank’s first quarter report published on Monday.A spokesman for the bank told The National that the lender was planning to close down their Dubai office over the course of this year, pending regulatory approval. The amount of business for the bank in Dubai did not justify the overheads of having a branch in the emirate, he added.While the bank has not generated enough volume of business in Dubai unlike some of the other international lenders, it has done well elsewhere. The bank’s first-quarter net income of €595 million (Dh2.6bn) beat estimates for profit of about €575m in a Bloomberg survey of six analysts.______________Read More:ABN Amro sells Asian private banking to LGTABN Amro fined Dh2.3m by Dubai regulator over money laundering systems______________This is not the bank’s first retrenchment in the region. In 2017, ABN Amro sold its private banking operations in Asia and the Middle East to LGT, a Liechtenstein private bank and asset manager for an undisclosed sum.The operation that was sold managed $20 billion in assets for clients, representing about 10 per cent of the bank’s global assets under management, at that time. ABN Amro cited intense competition in these markets as a reason for exit as it shifted focus on private banking in north-west Europe.In 2015, ABN Amro was fined $640,000 for perceived deficiencies in its anti-money laundering systems in the UAE, receiving penalties from both Dubai and Dutch regulators.The Dubai Financial Services Authority imposed the fine on the Dutch bank’s branch in the DIFC after its private banking division contravened rules “requiring it to implement appropriate safeguards to prevent opportunities for money laundering”.The regulator launched the investigation in 2015 in conjunction with the Dutch central bank De Nederlandsche Bank, following the resignation of six Dubai-based ABN Amro private banking employees for failing to comply with the bank’s internal guidelines.COMPANY PROFILE Name: HyperSpace

Started: 2020

Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez

Based: Dubai, UAE

Sector: Entertainment 

Number of staff: 210 

Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture PartnersTO A LAND UNKNOWNDirector: Mahdi Fleifel
Starring: Mahmoud Bakri, Aram Sabbah, Mohammad Alsurafa
Rating: 4.5/5Killing of Qassem SuleimaniCompany%20Profile%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Hoopla%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EDate%20started%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMarch%202023%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Jacqueline%20Perrottet%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dubai%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ENumber%20of%20staff%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2010%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EPre-seed%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20required%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20%24500%2C000%3C%2Fp%3E%0AThe Sand Castle Director: Matty Brown
Stars: Nadine Labaki, Ziad Bakri, Zain Al Rafeea, Riman Al Rafeea
Rating: 2.5/5You might also likeVarious Artists Habibi Funk: An Eclectic Selection Of Music From The Arab World (Habibi Funk)​​​​​​​
Sheer grandeurThe Owo building is 14 storeys high, seven of which are below ground, with the 30,000 square feet of amenities located subterranean, including a 16-seat private cinema, seven lounges, a gym, games room, treatment suites and bicycle storage.
A clear distinction between the residences and the Raffles hotel with the amenities operated separately.
Company%20Profile%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENamara%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EJune%202022%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMohammed%20Alnamara%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDubai%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMicrofinance%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECurrent%20number%20of%20staff%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E16%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESeries%20A%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFamily%20offices%0D%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0AA timeline of the Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language
2018: Formal work begins
November 2021: First 17 volumes launched 
November 2022: Additional 19 volumes released
October 2023: Another 31 volumes released
November 2024: All 127 volumes completed
Killing of Qassem SuleimaniMore coverage from the Future ForumCompany%20profile%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Letswork%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202018%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dubai%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounders%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EOmar%20Almheiri%2C%20Hamza%20Khan%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20co-working%20spaces%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20%242.1%20million%20in%20a%20seed%20round%20with%20investors%20including%20500%20Global%2C%20The%20Space%2C%20DTEC%20Ventures%20and%20other%20angel%20investors%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ENumber%20of%20employees%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20about%2020%3C%2Fp%3E%0AThe%20specs%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EPowertrain%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESingle%20electric%20motor%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E201hp%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E310Nm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESingle-speed%20auto%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBattery%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E53kWh%20lithium-ion%20battery%20pack%20(GS%20base%20model)%3B%2070kWh%20battery%20pack%20(GF)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETouring%20range%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E350km%20(GS)%3B%20480km%20(GF)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFrom%20Dh129%2C900%20(GS)%3B%20Dh149%2C000%20(GF)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Now%3C%2Fp%3E%0ACompany%20Profile%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EName%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Raha%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202022%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Kuwait%2FSaudi%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EIndustry%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Tech%20Logistics%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFunding%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20%2414%20million%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Soor%20Capital%2C%20eWTP%20Arabia%20Capital%2C%20Aujan%20Enterprises%2C%20Nox%20Management%2C%20Cedar%20Mundi%20Ventures%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ENumber%20of%20employees%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20166%3C%2Fp%3E%0AFour tips to secure IoT networksMohammed Abukhater, vice president at FireEye in the Middle East, said:

– Keep device software up-to-date. Most come with basic operating system, so users should ensure that they always have the latest version

– Besides a strong password, use two-step authentication. There should be a second log-in step like adding a code sent to your mobile number

– Usually smart devices come with many unnecessary features. Users should lock those features that are not required or used frequently

– Always create a different guest network for visitors
What is double taxation?
Americans living abroad file taxes with the Internal Revenue Service, which can cost hundreds of dollars to complete even though about 60 per cent do not owe taxes, according to the Taxpayer Advocate Service
Those obligations apply to millions of Americans residing overseas – estimates range from 3.9 million to 5.5 million – including so-called “accidental Americans” who are unaware they hold dual citizenship
The double taxation policy has been a contentious issue for decades, with many overseas Americans feeling that it punishes them for pursuing opportunities abroad
Unlike most countries, the US follows a citizenship-based taxation system, meaning that Americans must file taxes annually, even if they do not earn any income in the US.
%E2%80%98FSO%20Safer%E2%80%99%20-%20a%20ticking%20bomb%3Cp%3EThe%20%3Cem%3ESafer%3C%2Fem%3E%20has%20been%20moored%20off%20the%20Yemeni%20coast%20of%20Ras%20Issa%20since%201988.%3Cbr%3EThe%20Houthis%20have%20been%20blockading%20UN%20efforts%20to%20inspect%20and%20maintain%20the%20vessel%20since%202015%2C%20when%20the%20war%20between%20the%20group%20and%20the%20Yemen%20government%2C%20backed%20by%20the%20Saudi-led%20coalition%20began.%3Cbr%3ESince%20then%2C%20a%20handful%20of%20people%20acting%20as%20a%20%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ae%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3D%26esrc%3Ds%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D%26ved%3D2ahUKEwiw2OfUuKr4AhVBuKQKHTTzB7cQFnoECB4QAQ%26url%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.thenationalnews.com%252Fworld%252Fmena%252Fyemen-s-floating-bomb-tanker-millions-kept-safe-by-skeleton-crew-1.1104713%26usg%3DAOvVaw0t9FPiRsx7zK7aEYgc65Ad%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3Eskeleton%20crew%3C%2Fa%3E%2C%20have%20performed%20rudimentary%20maintenance%20work%20to%20keep%20the%20%3Cem%3ESafer%3C%2Fem%3E%20intact.%3Cbr%3EThe%20%3Cem%3ESafer%3C%2Fem%3E%20is%20connected%20to%20a%20pipeline%20from%20the%20oil-rich%20city%20of%20Marib%2C%20and%20was%20once%20a%20hub%20for%20the%20storage%20and%20export%20of%20crude%20oil.%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EThe%20%3Cem%3ESafer%3C%2Fem%3E%E2%80%99s%20environmental%20and%20humanitarian%20impact%20may%20extend%20well%20beyond%20Yemen%2C%20experts%20believe%2C%20into%20the%20surrounding%20waters%20of%20Saudi%20Arabia%2C%20Djibouti%20and%20Eritrea%2C%20impacting%20marine-life%20and%20vital%20infrastructure%20like%20desalination%20plans%20and%20fishing%20ports.%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A

Costa Rica Sharks Face Extinction as Scientists Race Against Time

Costa Rica is home to 93 species of sharks and rays, representing 8% of the global diversity of these marine animals. However, over half of these species (56%) are endangered. Locally, they face challenges such as high fishing pressure, lack of information, illegal fishing, and limited resources for monitoring and control.

On Tuesday, December 3, 2024, LCI Veritas University, in collaboration with its BIOMOL Laboratory, hosted a scientific event to address shark conservation in Costa Rica. The event brought together leading experts, students, and the public, highlighting the urgent need to protect endangered shark species and safeguard marine biodiversity.

Mario Espinoza, a biologist and researcher at the Center for Marine Sciences and Limnology Research of the University of Costa Rica (CIMAR UCR), presented an updated overview of the threats facing sharks in the region. He underscored the importance of sharks in maintaining healthy marine ecosystems and the critical need for regional cooperation to conserve migratory species that transcend borders.

“It is essential to improve the conservation status of migratory species that transcend borders,” Espinoza emphasized, urging a shift from identifying problems to finding comprehensive solutions. He also stressed the importance of education, research, environmental awareness campaigns, and engaging decision-makers to influence policies effectively.

Mariana Elizondo Sancho, a researcher at BIOMOL Laboratory, presented her study: “Population Structure and Genetic Connectivity of Hammerhead Sharks (Sphyrna lewini) in Breeding Areas of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP).”

Her findings reveal that hammerhead sharks have low genetic diversity, with pups in nursery areas more closely related than expected. This suggests that females may return to specific areas to reproduce, making the species more vulnerable to fishing activities.

Similarly, marine biologist Allison Centeno, a master’s student at Florida Atlantic University, analyzed shark landing data from longline fishing in the Pacific between 2015 and 2021. She discovered that silky sharks were the most commonly caught species, and over 50% of the landings involved bycatch—species not targeted by fisheries. These findings highlight the need for collaboration among government agencies, fishing communities, and conservation organizations to ensure sustainable fishing practices.

Juan Carlos Delgado, director of BIOMOL Laboratory, concluded the event with his research on “Identification of Species Composition from Shark Products in Costa Rica.” He demonstrated how molecular tools, such as DNA analysis, are revolutionizing marine research.

“In our project to identify species from shark products marketed in Costa Rica, we have been able to use DNA to determine the species we consume when buying products labeled as bolillo, dogfish, or simply shark,” Delgado Carazo explained.

The study revealed that 2.5% of fillets and chops sampled across the country were from hammerhead sharks, a species with special protection under a recent decree prohibiting its capture and commercialization. “Any incidental capture must be released and cannot be sold,” Delgado Carazo reminded attendees.

Corporate leaders honoured at Business Today CXO Awards 2024

Muscat – A glittering celebration of corporate leadership took place on Wednesday at the Sheraton Oman Hotel in Muscat, where the inaugural Business Today CXO Awards 2024 honoured thirty-one of Oman’s top-performing C-level executives. The prestigious gala ceremony, attended by over 200 corporate leaders from Oman’s key sectors, was an evening of celebration, inspiration, and recognition of exceptional leadership.

The ceremony was graced by H E Sayyid Dr Munther al Busaidi, Vice-Chairman of the Oman Vision 2040 Implementation Follow-Up Unit, as the Chief Guest. H E Sayyid Dr Busaidi and Saleh Zakwani, Executive Chairman of Apex Media, presented the awards to the deserving winners.

In his welcome speech, Saleh Zakwani said, “Apex Media has always been at the forefront of recognising and celebrating the corporate leaders who have been driving business success and contributing to the broader economic development of our country. The CXO Awards aim not only to recognise individual excellence but also to underscore Oman’s broader commitment to fostering a culture of innovation, leadership and sustainable growth in alignment with Vision 2040.”

Organised by Interactive Apex and Muscat Daily, the Business Today CXO Awards is a premier corporate recognition event honouring top-performing executives across industries. The awards celebrate not only individual excellence but also the transformative impact of visionary leaders who drive progress within their organisations and industries. The awards serve as a tribute to those who have demonstrated exemplary leadership, innovation, and commitment to shaping the future of business.

The winners were selected from C-level executives responsible for overseeing key functions within their organisations across various sectors. Recipients were evaluated on both qualitative and quantitative factors, including leadership excellence, demonstrated by their ability to lead teams and drive organisational success. They were also judged on their contributions to setting and achieving strategic objectives, initiatives that have significantly impacted their businesses or industries, exceptional financial performance, and significant achievements in industry growth, thought leadership and community development.

The CXO Awards recognised excellence across various C-suite roles, including Chief Executive Officers, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Human Resources Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Chief Sustainability Officer, Chief Information Security Officer, Chief Legal Officer, and Chief Commercial Officer, among others.

Delivering the opening address at the event, H E Sayyid Dr Busaidi emphasised the critical importance of leadership at every level of society, from families and sports teams to businesses and national governance.

“Leadership is what glues everything together,” he said. “We might have the right people and the right systems, but we need that one person who makes it all work and connects the dots.”

Speaking about the essence of leadership, H E Sayyid Dr Busaidi provided a perspective on what it takes to be a true leader. “There are three main pillars,” he explained. “First, a leader must set the direction and tell us where to go. Second, they must guide us on how to get there, focusing on the best paths to success. And third, they must bring out the best in us – fostering talent and making people the best versions of themselves.”

As part of his speech, H E Sayyid Dr Busaidi spoke directly to the business leaders in attendance, commending them for their achievements. “The leaders who have been awarded today, I am confident, have earned and deserved this recognition,” he said. “I hope you continue this journey because leadership is not a destination; it’s a continuous journey.”

He also emphasised the importance of alignment with Vision 2040 as a key to future success. “For Vision 2040 to succeed, both the government and private sectors must align with its objectives,” he explained. “And there must be a common platform where knowledge and experiences are shared, so we can learn from one another.”

Another highlight of the evening was the keynote speech by Khalid Ansari, Founder and CEO of KMA & Partners, renowned for his innovative insights and thought leadership in the industry. Ansari emphasised the critical role of innovation and ethics in ensuring business sustainability and success. He delivered a powerful message about the fundamental importance of a company’s value system, particularly in terms of integrity.

“Innovation remains the crucial driver of success in the business landscape,” Ansari began, adding that “innovation comes with responsibility—and that responsibility is ethics.” He argued that while cutting-edge technology and efficient processes are important, without a strong ethical foundation, businesses cannot achieve lasting success.

He stressed that integrity is the cornerstone of any thriving business. “You may have the best systems and processes, but without integrity, a company cannot be sustainable. For executives at the C-level, integrity is non-negotiable. It is something you cannot learn anywhere else or buy from outside – it must come from within and from the core values of the organisation.”

Infiniti, represented in Oman by Al Hashar Automotive, was the event’s official Luxury Auto Partner. The event also included an electrifying performance by the sensational music band ‘Los Amigos’.

Scientists reveal dopamine and serotonin’s opposing roles in fascinating neuroscience breakthrough

A recent study from Stanford’s Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute has shed light on the interplay between two key brain chemicals, dopamine and serotonin, revealing their opposing roles in shaping our decisions and learning processes. Published in Nature, the research demonstrates for the first time that dopamine and serotonin operate as a “gas and brake” system, jointly influencing how we learn from rewards. The findings have broad implications, from understanding everyday decision-making to developing treatments for neurological and psychiatric conditions such as addiction, depression, and Parkinson’s disease.Dopamine and serotonin are crucial to many aspects of human behavior, including reward processing and decision-making. Both neurotransmitters are also implicated in a variety of mental health disorders. While previous research has established their individual roles—dopamine is linked to reward prediction and seeking, while serotonin promotes long-term thinking and patience—the precise nature of their interaction has remained unclear.Two competing theories have sought to explain their dynamic: the “synergy hypothesis,” which posits that dopamine focuses on immediate rewards and serotonin on long-term benefits, and the “opponency hypothesis,” suggesting the two act in opposition, with dopamine encouraging impulsive action and serotonin promoting restraint. The Stanford researchers aimed to directly test these theories using advanced experimental methods.“We’ve known for decades that dopamine and serotonin serve reward-related functions, and that they do so by acting on a common set of target brain regions. This implies that dopamine and serotonin systems work together to drive learning, but exactly how works remained hotly debated in the field,” explained study author Daniel F. Cardozo Pinto (@dcardozopinto), a postdoctoral scholar in the Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.When we kicked off this project around 2018, it was the first time that our genetic tools were advanced enough for us to attempt studying the dopamine and serotonin systems simultaneously. Once we got that to work, we knew we had the right new tool to break open an old and fascinating question.”The team engineered a group of mice that allowed them to observe and manipulate dopamine and serotonin activity simultaneously. These mice were designed with specialized genetic modifications that enabled researchers to control the neurotransmitters using light, a technique known as optogenetics.The experiments focused on a brain region called the nucleus accumbens, which is critical for motivation, emotion, and reward processing. Researchers trained the mice to associate specific cues—such as a tone and flashing light—with a sweet reward. During this learning process, the researchers recorded dopamine and serotonin signals and observed how they changed in response to rewards and cues.They found that dopamine and serotonin activity shifted in opposite directions: dopamine increased with reward signals, while serotonin decreased. This supported the opponency hypothesis, indicating that the two neurotransmitters act as opposing forces during decision-making and learning.To further test this dynamic, the team used optogenetics to selectively block or restore dopamine and serotonin activity during the learning tasks. Mice were unable to learn reward cues when both dopamine and serotonin signaling were suppressed. Surprisingly, neither neurotransmitter alone was sufficient to restore learning. Only when both systems were active could the mice effectively associate the cues with rewards.In a related experiment, researchers tested the mice’s preferences for different brain states induced by manipulating dopamine and serotonin. Mice consistently preferred experiences that combined dopamine boosts and serotonin reductions—providing direct behavioral evidence of the opponency model.“In short, we discovered that dopamine and serotonin signals form a gas-brake system for reward in the mammalian brain,” Cardozo Pinto told PsyPost. “More specifically, we found that when mice consume a sugar reward, dopamine in a key reward center goes up and serotonin goes down. In follow-up experiments, we then showed that artificially recreating both reward signals – a dopamine boost and a serotonin dip – drives reward learning more powerfully than either signal alone. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first direct demonstration of an opponent relationship between dopamine and serotonin.”These results have significant implications for understanding disorders that involve dopamine and serotonin dysfunction. For instance, addiction is associated with excessive dopamine activity, leading to compulsive reward-seeking. Depression, meanwhile, is linked to reduced serotonin activity, which may impair behavioral flexibility and long-term planning.The researchers believe that future treatments for these conditions could target the balance between dopamine and serotonin. For example, therapies for addiction might aim to reduce dopamine activity while enhancing serotonin signaling, while depression treatments might focus on strengthening both systems to restore motivation and decision-making.While the findings are compelling, the study has limitations. The experiments were conducted in mice, which, though a valuable model for neuroscience, may not fully capture the complexity of human brain function.Future studies could investigate how these neurotransmitter systems function in different contexts, such as social behavior or stress. The tools developed for this study, which allow precise control and observation of multiple neurotransmitters, could also be applied to other brain chemicals and circuits.Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of dopamine and serotonin balance in shaping behavior and decision-making. By uncovering how these neurotransmitters work in opposition, researchers have opened new avenues for understanding the brain and addressing the disorders that arise when this balance is disrupted.“One major goal is to gain a better understanding of the underlying causes of disorders of reward processing – like depression and addiction – and our finding of dopamine and serotonin opponency is exciting because it opens important new research avenues in those fields,” Cardozo Pinto explained. “For example, our work could help explain why drugs that produce both dopamine and serotonin release tend to have lower abuse potential than drugs that primarily release dopamine alone. In general, our work suggests that the relative balance between dopamine and serotonin may play a crucial and previously underappreciated role in the etiology of these disorders.”The study, “Opponent control of reinforcement by striatal dopamine and serotonin,” was authored by Daniel F. Cardozo Pinto, Matthew B. Pomrenze, Michaela Y. Guo, Gavin C. Touponse, Allen P. F. Chen, Brandon S. Bentzley, Neir Eshel, and Robert C. Malenka.

One Year On: Nagaland’s Education Portals Shine, Business Sites Stagnate

A collage of screenshots from the IDAN (top) and NBSE (bottom) websites, taken on December 21, illustrating the degree of updates on these platforms. (Morung Photo/Screenshot)

Moa Jamir Dimapur | December 21A year after The Morung Express conducted a review of Nagaland’s government websites focused on recruitment, education, and business activities, a fresh assessment reveals a mixed digital landscape. While portals dedicated to recruitment and education continue to progress, many business-related platforms remain stagnant and in urgent need of updates.As of December 21, 2024, the majority of business and economic activity portals, including those related to boards, corporations, regulatory authorities, and projects, have seen little to no major changes. Many still present outdated or insufficient information, hindering their effectiveness.Stagnation in economic portalsThe Investment and Development Authority of Nagaland (IDAN) website (https://idan.nagaland.gov.in/ ), created as an investment promotion and facilitation platform, remains underdeveloped. The site has not undergone any visible updates since the last review in October 2023, with the last activity listed being a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Conclave held in April 2022.Similarly, the Nagaland Startup website (https://www.startupnagaland.in/ ) reflects the same stagnation, failing to position itself as a regional leader for startups as it claims. The ‘Most Recent News’ on the website was an announcement for Financial Literacy Bootcamp in January 2024. Then, out of the blue, a blog post was posted out of bolt on December 16, 2024.The Ease of Doing Business portal (https://ebiz.nagaland.gov.in/ ) also remains largely unchanged, with outdated nodal officer information. The Nagaland State Mineral Development Corporation Ltd (NSMDC) and the Nagaland Industrial Development Corporation Limited (NIDC) websites show minimal improvement, continuing to underperform.In contrast, the Fostering Climate Resilient Upland Farming Systems (FOCUS) portal (https://focus.nagaland.gov.in/ ) has improved in focus and structure. However, both the quantity and quality of data available on the platform remain mediocre, leaving significant room for enhancement.CAG (A&E), NBOCWWB, and PMFME shineOn a more positive note, certain business-related websites have shown consistent functionality. The website of the Principal Accountant General (A&E), Nagaland (https://cag.gov.in/ae/nagaland/en ) remains well-organized and updated, as does the Nagaland Building and Other Construction Workers’ Welfare Board website (https://nbocw.nagaland.gov.in/ ). Similarly, the Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME) website (https://pmfme.nagaland.gov.in/ ) continues to offer updated and relevant information.The Nagaland Inner Line Permit (https://ilp.nagaland.gov.in/ ) website is another example of a resourceful and functional platform.However, some gaps remain in accessibility. The link to the State Resource Centre for Women (SRCW) on the Nagaland State Portal still leads to a non-functional page, and the Department of Women Resource Development (DWRD) is absent from the portal. Independent searches revealed that the websites for Mission Shakti (https://missionshakti.nagaland.gov.in/ ) and DWRD (https://dwrd.nagaland.gov.in/ ) are functional and updated to some extent.As reported earlier, it is worth noting that the websites of Commerce & Industries (https://industry.nagaland.gov.in) and Skill Development (https://desd.nagaland.gov.in/ ) have shown significant improvement compared to previous assessments of government department websites.Education, recruitment websites lead the chargeUnlike their business counterparts, many educational and recruitment portals under the Nagaland Government continue to demonstrate progress, embracing technology for the benefit of citizens.Websites like those of the Nagaland Public Service Commission (NPSC) (https://npsc.nagaland.gov.in/ ), Nagaland Board of School Education (NBSE) (https://nbsenl.edu.in/ ), and the Nagaland Staff Selection Board (NSSB) (https://nssb.nagaland.gov.in/ ) remain active, consistently updated, and adhering to policy guidelines. These portals offer relevant information, notifications, and updates, serving as important resources for job seekers and students.The Nagaland Education Project, supported by the World Bank, also showed marked improvement, with its website (https://nagalandeduproject.com ) reflecting updates since the last assessment.Educational portals such as the State Council of Educational Research and Training (https://scert.nagaland.gov.in ) and Administrative Training Institute (https://ati.nagaland.gov.in/ ) were found to be relatively updated.In contrast, the State Institute of Rural Development website (https://sird.nagaland.gov.in/ ) remained static since the last review. The Department of School Education, Technical and Higher Education performed decently in the separate assessment of government department websites.

Three to See Edmonton Events: Festive books, holiday punk, and classic Christmas films abound

Breadcrumb Trail LinksBooksLocal ArtsTravel EdmontonMoviesMusicPublished Dec 20, 2024  •  Last updated 1 hour ago  •  2 minute readAlice Major and others are at Local Author Festive Signings Friday and Saturday. Photo by David Bloom /PostmediaReviews and recommendations are unbiased and products are independently selected. Postmedia may earn an affiliate commission from purchases made through links on this page.Article contentLocal Author Festive Signings: Audreys Books on Jasper Avenue is celebrating local writers in a wave of meetings and book signings.Article contentArticle contentFriday from 11:30 a.m. – 1 p.m., it’s Rayanne Haines with her poetic memoir What Kind of Daughter?, and then poet Alice Major and her planetary upheaval exploration Knife on Snow from noon – 2 p.m.Saturday, both at 11:30 a.m. – 1 p.m., it’s Cristina Quintero with juvenile fiction The Only Way to Make Bread and Aurora Palit’s romantic comedy novel Sunshine and Spice.Advertisement 2Story continues belowThis advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.THIS CONTENT IS RESERVED FOR SUBSCRIBERS ONLYSubscribe now to read the latest news in your city and across Canada.Exclusive articles by David Staples, Keith Gerein and others, Oilers news from Cult of Hockey, Ask EJ Anything features, the Noon News Roundup and Under the Dome newsletters.Unlimited online access to Edmonton Journal and 15 news sites with one account.Edmonton Journal ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition to view on any device, share and comment on.Daily puzzles, including the New York Times Crossword.Support local journalism.SUBSCRIBE TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLESSubscribe now to read the latest news in your city and across Canada.Exclusive articles by David Staples, Keith Gerein and others, Oilers news from Cult of Hockey, Ask EJ Anything features, the Noon News Roundup and Under the Dome newsletters.Unlimited online access to Edmonton Journal and 15 news sites with one account.Edmonton Journal ePaper, an electronic replica of the print edition to view on any device, share and comment on.Daily puzzles, including the New York Times Crossword.Support local journalism.REGISTER / SIGN IN TO UNLOCK MORE ARTICLESCreate an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience.Access articles from across Canada with one account.Share your thoughts and join the conversation in the comments.Enjoy additional articles per month.Get email updates from your favourite authors.THIS ARTICLE IS FREE TO READ REGISTER TO UNLOCK.Create an account or sign in to continue with your reading experience.Access articles from across Canada with one accountShare your thoughts and join the conversation in the commentsEnjoy additional articles per monthGet email updates from your favourite authorsSign In or Create an AccountorArticle contentThen, on Sunday, it’s Audreys’ Festive Singalong where musical staff will brighten up a family-friendly festival party — come one, come all! That’s 3:30 – 4:30 p.m.Details: Through Sunday at Audreys Books (10702 Jasper Avenue), no chargeLanguid and Real Sickies: If all you want for Christmas is a safety pin through your nose, be there or be square for the Holiday Rager for the Punx at Blakbar Friday night!Hardcore, skeleton-warrior-obsessed punks Languid and fellow bone-zoners Real Sickies are set to deliver a very un-silent night of lipstick, leather, and raised cheer.Weaving through the live bands, DJs Tex Lex and Tymyrd Spynyrd will be spinning all night long to help you “crank down some sin tins,” as the event page hilariously puts it.We apologize, but this video has failed to load.Play VideoHeadline NewsGet the latest headlines, breaking news and columns.By signing up you consent to receive the above newsletter from Postmedia Network Inc.Thanks for signing up!A welcome email is on its way. If you don’t see it, please check your junk folder.The next issue of Headline News will soon be in your inbox.We encountered an issue signing you up. Please try againArticle contentAdvertisement 3Story continues belowThis advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.Article contentDetails: 8:30 p.m. at Blakbar (10762 82 Ave.), $15/door onlyDie Hard (1988): While Grindstone continues its run of Die Harsh: A Christmas Musical through Dec. 29, why not crawl through the air ducts with the OG source at Metro at 9:30 p.m. Friday? There’s a free, pre-show tasting of Sea Change and Shiddy’s drinks at 9 p.m. if you need a little sweetener.More Metro holiday films: Elf at 1 p.m. (free 12 and under), and Eyes Wide Shut at 9:30 p.m. Saturday; The Muppet Christmas Carol at 1 p.m., Home Alone at 3:15 p.m., White Christmas at 6 p.m., and Black Christmas 8:30 p.m. Sunday; then It’s a Wonderful Life at 12:45 p.m., and National Lampoon’s Christmas Vacation at 3:45 p.m. Christmas Eve.Yippee ki yay!We apologize, but this video has failed to load.Play VideoAdvertisement 4Story continues belowThis advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below.Article contentDetails: all the above at Metro Cinema (8712 109 St.), $14/adults, $11 youth/students/[email protected]@fisheyefotoRecommended from Editorial The 10 must-listen albums from Edmonton artists in 2024 Edmonton New Year’s Eve shows ring in 2025 with a party Bookmark our website and support our journalism: Don’t miss the news you need to know — add EdmontonJournal.com and EdmontonSun.com to your bookmarks and sign up for our newsletters.You can also support our journalism by becoming a digital subscriber. Subscribers gain unlimited access to The Edmonton Journal, Edmonton Sun, National Post, and 13 other Canadian news sites. The Edmonton Journal | The Edmonton SunArticle contentShare this article in your social networkComments Join the Conversation Featured Local Savings