Why Hans Zimmer’s Latest Creation Could Be Crucial The Future Of Movie Theaters

Hans Zimmer has done it all in the movie music industry. Over more than four decades the German composer has produced some of Hollywood’s most memorable and sweeping scores from Gladiator and Interstellar to Dune and Pirates of the Caribbean. The productions he has scored have grossed a combined $28 billion and earned him two Oscars, three Golden Globes and five Grammy Awards. However, his latest project could be even more significant than all of those accolades as it could play a crucial role in getting the movie theater sector back to its pre-pandemic highs.

It’s fair to say that the past five years have been more challenging for movie theaters than any other period since the dawn of cinema. First the Covid-19 pandemic brought the curtain down on theaters all over the world and then when their doors finally swung open again they had to tempt an audience which had become accustomed to streaming new releases in their own homes and was wary of being in a crowded room whilst a deadly disease was raging.

Then came a cost of living crisis fueled by the war in Ukraine and governments increasing taxes to cover the cost of furlough payments during the pandemic. This led to a slump in streaming subscriptions and a surge in piracy aided by the studios putting their archives of content online. Some theater chains couldn’t survive this perfect storm and it wasn’t a breeze for the ones which managed to navigate these choppy waters.

Just as theaters were righting their ships along came the SAG-AFTRA strikes followed by the devastating wildfires in California at the start of this year. Last month movie industry specialists Gower Street Analytics forecast that this year’s global box office will hit $34.1 billion, 13% less than the average of the last three pre-pandemic years with North America finishing 17% down thanks to its anticipated $9.5 billion haul.

It has caused some commentators to question whether the theater sector has been bruised beyond repair but one company is proving that this is far from the case and it has enlisted Zimmer to shine a spotlight on this. In true Hollywood fashion, there is a twist to the tale as the company is based in one of the most unexpected locations.
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Hans Zimmer is one of the world’s most successful movie score composers (Photo by Francesco … More Prandoni/Getty Images)Getty Images

The Middle East isn’t famous for movie theaters – they weren’t even legal in Saudi Arabia, which is one of the biggest markets, until 2018. However, since the Covid-19 pandemic, the region has come into its own and is leading the way worldwide in terms of cutting-edge theater facilities. There is good reason for this.
Temperatures in the Gulf soar north of 100 in summer whilst they can even rise into the mid-80s in winter. As a result, there is an abundance of indoor entertainment and theaters in the region are usually in a prime position. They tend to be located inside malls which look more like sprawling entertainment complexes than shopping centers so visitors can stay there for the entire day rather than going back outside into the blazing sunshine.
It explains why malls in the Middle East are often home to theme parks, museums, galleries and sports facilities. Visitors come from far and wide and it gives theater operators a captive audience. A visit to the theater in the evening is a natural way to end the day so it has become a crucial part of local culture, especially as bars and nightclubs are not as common as they are in the west due to alcohol restrictions.
Malls are so integral to society in the Middle East that countries in the region couldn’t risk Covid-19 spreading in these indoor environments. So, unlike many western nations, they introduced strict prevention measures and this had a magic touch. Malls in major Middle Eastern cities were bustling again within a year of the start of the pandemic. It meant that theaters in the region had less down time than elsewhere which helped them weather the storm.
In the midst of the pandemic a report from Omdia, a consultancy firm owned by research giants Informa, revealed that the Middle East was the world’s fastest-growing cinema market over the four years to 2021. It didn’t stop there as Omdia announced in November last year that the region would generate $900 million of revenue in 2024, a 21.1% increase on 2019. What’s more, it added that this growth is set to continue with the annual revenue expected to hit $1.5 billion by 2029.
The Middle East isn’t just bucking the global trend in terms of box office revenue but also screen growth.
The decline in traffic to theaters has put chains in the west in jeopardy and in July 2022, Europe’s biggest privately-owned exhibitor, Vue, was taken over by its lenders. Two months later the the American arm of Cineworld, the world’s second-largest theater chain, went into Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Although it has since emerged from this, its U.K. operation is still struggling with a number of its sites closing over the past six months.
In stark contrast, the number of screens in the Middle East isn’t just increasing, its growth is outperforming the rest of the world. According to Maria Rua Aguete, Omdia’s senior research director of media and entertainment, around 1,000 screens have been added since 2019 bringing the total in the region to nearly 2,500 by the end of last year. One company dominates them all.
With more than 620 screens in its portfolio, VOX Cinemas is comfortably the Middle East’s biggest theater chain. It is also the region’s highest-grossing exhibitor and in 2024 its admissions increased 2% to 19.9 million thanks to hard work and a magic formula.Vox is the largest cinema chain in the Middle EastMajid Al Futtaim
VOX is owned by Dubai-based Majid Al Futtaim which is a media conglomerate in the truest sense of the word. In addition to running the theaters, it also operates local retail franchises including LEGO, upscale U.S. clothing retailer Abercrombie & Fitch and Crate & Barrel, a high-end furniture retailer from Northbrook, Illinois. However, that is just the start.
Majid Al Futtaim also runs many of the malls which house its shops and theaters. Indeed, with 29 sites under its control, Majid Al Futtaim is the region’s biggest mall manager though, as this report revealed, it has more in common with entertainment giants like Disney and Universal than a retail operator.
In Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, Majid Al Futtaim is a partner in one of only two outlets worldwide of Dreamscape, the cutting-edge virtual reality operator which was part-financed by Warner Bros., Fox, IMAX and Steven Spielberg‎. Inside many of its malls are lavish snow parks and, as this report explained, they look more like resorts than the indoor ski slopes that are typical across the U.S. and Europe.
Last year this author reported that the region’s first outlet of cutting-edge Canadian escape room operator Activate had opened in one of Majid Al Futtaim’s malls and they are also home to iFLY facilities which replicate the sensation of skydiving in towering clear cylinders. Inside others are Magic Planet entertainment complexes containing the latest arcade games, midway games, VR games, climbing walls, large-scale simulators and carousels for kids.
This emphasis on entertainment is no coincidence. That’s because Majid Al Futtaim’s entertainment division is run by Ignace Lahoud, one of the most talented and experienced managers in the industry. Lahoud has an MBA from C.T. Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston and is a 27-year veteran of the The Walt Disney Company. This included a stint as chief financial officer of Disneyland Paris where he presided over one of the greatest periods of growth for the theme park resort. He rose up to become executive vice president and chief financial officer of Disney Consumer Products & Interactive Media before joining Majid Al Futtaim in 2021.
Like Disney, it develops master-planned residential communities and it also owns Sheraton, Westin and Aloft hotels, some of which have movie-themed rooms. This too is no coincidence.
Movie studios don’t tend to promote and distribute their own movies in the Middle East as they do in the U.S. Instead, studios rely on local companies including Majid Al Futtaim which is the regional distributor of the Universal and Warner Bros. movies it shows in its theaters and those of its competitors. Despite its dominance, it isn’t resting on its laurels.
Unlike many other exhibitors around the world, which have only recently realized that they need to invest in their product, VOX regularly upgrades its theaters. It was the first operator in the region to introduce laser projection to its super-sized IMAX screens. It now has its own VOX MAX big screen format and holds the exclusive Middle East rights to 4DX cinemas which feature moving seats, smoke, wind and water effects.
Last year VOX introduced a top tier product offering more comfortable and cutting-edge seats than are found in first class on an airline along with delectable dishes served during the film. The innovation doesn’t stop at the doors to the theaters as their lobbies look like gleaming art galleries lined with white marble and restaurants from celebrity chefs.
It has helped to keep film fans streaming through its turnstiles, so much so indeed that, as local title Arabian Business reported, VOX expects its theaters to exceed pre-pandemic revenue this year. It has come up with a groundbreaking way of promoting that cinemas are back in business.
Last month Lahoud announced a “partnership with our friend and living legend Hans Zimmer. Hans is composing a unique score that will become the sound of VOX…We will also launch the new VOX brand campaign featuring Hans’s work. Thank you, dear Maestro.”
Known as ‘The Sound of VOX Cinemas’ the score is designed to become synonymous with VOX so when customers hear it they think of its cinemas. It is a smart strategy from Lahoud as music can be used to communicate to customers without using language which is helpful as, according to government data, more than 200 nationalities are resident in Majid Al Futtaim’s home country, the United Arab Emirates.Dave Bautista on the red carpet for the regional premiere of ‘Dune: Part Two’ at a Vox cinema in Abu … More Dhabi (Photo by Cedric Ribeiro/Getty Images for Warner Bros. Pictures)Getty Images for Warner Bros. Pictures
Zimmer’s sonic brand identity is due to debut this week at a new cutting-edge VOX IMAX cinema and it won’t just be heard in the cinemas themselves but also at other customer service interaction points. Zimmer’s deep passion for cinema and mastery of conveying feelings through music made him the ideal choice.
“The Middle East holds a special place in my heart, as does cinema; it’s what truly moves me. I was genuinely excited to collaborate with VOX Cinemas, the region’s largest and most beloved cinema chain,” he said. “VOX Cinemas’ commitment to creating magical moments for guests and the idea of creating a unique sound for the brand resonated as it beautifully illustrates how cinema connects us all. It’s at the heart of so many unforgettable moments, ones that are passed down through generations, just as VOX has done over the years.” It was music to Lahoud’s ears.
“VOX Cinemas is proud to partner with the legendary Hans Zimmer to create a signature score that is instantly recognisable and synonymous with our brand. This collaboration marks a new chapter in our journey, enhancing the moviegoing experience with a distinctive sound that resonates across the diverse markets we serve,” he said.
“For 25 years, VOX Cinemas has been at the forefront of innovation in the global entertainment industry, shaping some of life’s most cherished moments — from childhood to adulthood. Through the magic of cinema, we continue to be a key part of our audience’s unforgettable experiences. As we look to the future, we remain committed to pushing boundaries and redefining how people experience cinema, ensuring that every visit to Vox is nothing short of extraordinary.”
It is no exaggeration as this is believed to be the first time that a movie theater chain has collaborated with such a high profile personality to create a theme tune. It is the kind of development that was more common in the heydays of cinema, long before streaming came on the scene, and it sends out an incredibly strong signal of confidence in the cinema sector.
Zimmer is easily the most famous frequently active film composer with upcoming projects including the third Dune movie and a BBC series based on William Golding’s novel, Lord Of The Flies. To get a sense of the impact he has on his projects, this author spoke to Gavin Greenaway, an eminent Emmy award-winning movie conductor who has worked on more than 100 film and television soundtracks including Wicked, Dunkirk and The Dark Knight.
“I’ve known Hans for over 45 years. I first met him when I was a teenager and he was programming synthesisers for recording sessions. Since then I have watched (and sometimes participated) as he has risen to become one of the most famous film score composers in the world.
“Most composers have one stand out ‘defining’ score, but Hans does this regularly, every few years he will create an iconic score which redefines a genre of modern film music. From Driving Miss Daisy to Gladiator to the Dark Knight to Interstellar to Dune, Hans regularly invents a new sound world for his movies, which become the ones for aspiring composers to try (and fail!) to emulate.
“What Hans has is a unique combination of many skills related to sound and music creation: an ear for universal melody and harmony; an intuitive understanding of orchestration; the mind of a scientist and engineer when it comes to sound design and synthesis; the ability to act as music producer (for himself as well as others); an unflinching work ethic (always striving for the excellent, never settling for OK); the ability to ‘read’ a director and work with them to create what they want and, more importantly, what works for the movie; and lastly a deep understanding of story structure on a par with the best film makers.
“Although he would describe himself as untrained, he has learned over many years by listening and experimenting. And his listening is eclectic, absorbing influences from pop, classical, rock, folk music from around the world resulting in a comprehensive understanding of how music works, even if he may not be a virtuoso at any one instrument. He has made the music sequencer the canvas on which he creates his scores – his instrument – and on that he is without doubt a master. This combination of skills and personality add up, in my opinion, to using the word ‘genius’ to describe Hans without any hint of hyperbole.”Hans Zimmer documentary ‘Diamond in the Desert’ was filmed in the United Arab Emirates (Photo by … More Karwai Tang/WireImage)WireImage
It is far from Zimmer’s first partnership in the region. Last month a film called Hans Zimmer & Friends: Diamond in the Desert was released in select cinemas and was largely filmed in Dubai. The movie features a mesmerising montage of classic film scores performed at Hans Zimmer Live concerts in dramatic locations across Dubai.
They range from the Coca-Cola Arena in the middle of the city to the helipad of the sail-shaped Burj Al Arab hotel and inside the cavernous Al Wasl dome, the world’s largest 360 degree projection screen. Fittingly, the scores include A Time of Quiet Between the Storms from last year’s Dune: Part Two which Zimmer performs in the desert not far from where the film itself was shot.
The concert footage is interspersed with discussions between Zimmer and other leading lights such as Billie Eilish, Zendaya, Timothée Chalamet, Jerry Bruckheimer and Denis Villeneuve. He opens up to them about his creative process and they explain the meaning his music has on them.
He is also returning to the region to play his Hans Zimmer Live concerts at Abu Dhabi’s Etihad Arena on 31 May and 1 June. That will reportedly be followed by time in the studio with one of his projects being a reinterpretation of Saudi Arabia’s national anthem. Like Majid Al Futtaim, Zimmer isn’t resting on his laurels and although his first Academy Award came in 1995 for The Lion King, his second was just three years ago for Dune. So despite being in the business for almost half a century, he is still on song.

Space health symposium to feature space tech and medicine speakers

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NASA astronauts return to Earth in SpaceX Crew Dragon capsuleAfter being “stuck” for nearly a year in space, astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams are back on Earth following splashdown of a SpaceX capsule.NASA FootageThe Space Health Nexus event will focus on the future of space-based health practices and human performance.Registration is $55 and includes admission to the event, lunch, coffee, snacks, and complimentary entry to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.As long as humans have been flying missions in space, health and health technology spinoffs, such as robotic surgery, have followed.As humanity moves toward returning to the moon and onward to Mars, solving for long duration mission health will have impacts on health care back on Earth.An upcoming symposium at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex will bring together experts in a range of health and technology fields to talk about human spaceflight and habitat advancements, as well as how lessons learned in space could be applied back on Earth.The Space Health Nexus Pre-Symposium and Symposium, planned for April 22-23, features speakers “making change in health, human research, safety and space,” said Stephanie Potts, Partner Engagement Specialist at CommHIT, in an email to FLORIDA TODAY.Topics will include areas such as: space health research, spacesuit design, nimble healthcare models and lightweight mobile technologies. “The sessions promise to enlighten attendees without overwhelming them with technical jargon,” the event briefing said.The event is hosted by local nonprofit, CommHIT, which works to improve access to health, tech, and transportation in underserved communities by using technologies developed for space exploration. The nonprofit also is working to ensure the industries serving space exploration get access to the workforce they need.The pre-symposium will take place from 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. April 22, at Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. The Space Health Nexus main event takes place the same hours on April 23, also at the Visitor Complex.Co-hosts include: Florida Department of Education, Agency for Health Care Administration, Texas A&M University College of Nursing, Health Tech Without Borders, Inc., CareerSource Brevard Flagler Volusia, and The Astronauts Memorial Foundation.The event is aimed at anyone curious about spaceflight medicine and its impact on future healthcare. That could be health professionals but also first responders, teachers, students and others.When is the next Florida launch? Is there a launch today? Upcoming SpaceX, NASA rocket launch schedule at Cape CanaveralRegistration is $55. A special promotion is currently running which offers tickets at buy one, get one free. Registration to the event includes:Admission to the eventLunch, coffee, and snacksAccess to expert speakers and interactive exhibitsComplimentary entry to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex for each day you’re registeredRegistration can be found: https://commhit.org/SHNpresymposium2025/.Brooke Edwards is a Space Reporter for Florida Today. Contact her at bedwards@floridatoday.com or on X: @brookeofstars.

Spring break tourists fill Space Coast hotels, beaches; outlook unclear

The Space Coast is experiencing a relatively strong spring break tourism season, with hotels busy, beaches packed and traffic heavy along tourist corridors like State Road A1A.But tourism-sector officials worry that the coming months might be a little iffy.Tourism represents a big chunk of the local economy, accounting for 46,000 direct and spinoff jobs, with $1.5 billion a year in tourism-related wages. About 30% of the sales tax and 20% of the gas tax collected in Brevard County is paid by tourists, according to a study commissioned by the Space Coast Office of Tourism.”Early indications are that we will have a good spring season, but perhaps not at the previous heights we have seen the last few years,” Space Coast Office of Tourism Executive Director Peter Cranis said.The official March figures on a key tourism economic indicator — money collected from Brevard’s 5% tourist development tax on hotel rooms and other short-term rentals — won’t be out for another month. But Cranis expects the tax collection will be around $3 million for March, indicating that visitors to the Space Coast spent $60 million on accommodations during March, including at vacation rentals.Cranis said a $3 million figure would fall short of the $3.17 million in March 2023 and $3.15 million in March 2024. But it’s still a strong number.And Cranis expects April will be strong as well, with Easter falling later in the month, on April 20,”Whenever this has happened in the past, it has boosted the month of April, and helped the overall spring numbers,” Cranis said.Cranis said the Space Coast this year had its best January on record, with $2.38 million in tourist tax collections, of which an unusually high 37% were from vacation rentals.Among the regular visitors to the Space Coast are the Vodicka family, residents of Illinois, who visit Cocoa Beach for spring break.”We come to Cocoa Beach every year for the beaches, waves, restaurants and Ron Jon,” Joanna Vodicka said, as she was hanging out at the beach with her husband and their children. “We usually go to Lori Wilson Park or Minutemen.” ‘There are headwinds’ to deal withBut hoteliers raised some warning signals during the latest monthly meeting of the Brevard County Tourist Development Council.”There are headwinds” in the air for the hospitality industry, said hotel owner Tom Hermansen, vice chair of the Tourist Development Council. “There’s a lot of uncertainty.”Hermansen said the pace of last-minute weekend visitors — which is a large segment of the market for beachside hotels — “is a lot softer than last year.”During the Tourist Development Council meeting, he and other hotel officials expressed concerns about how visitor counts could be affected by a decline in consumer confidence, deteriorating relations between the United States and Canada, and restrictions on travel by federal employees.Hermansen said his Cocoa Beach hotels typically are sold out during the peak periods of spring break in March, but haven’t been this year.Cocoa Beach Mayor Keith Capizzi said he has seen “a crazy amount of traffic” in Cocoa Beach in recent weeks, indicating there’s a large number tourists in town for spring break.However, Capizzi said he is worried that, with consumer confidence declining, “a lot of people are here, but they’re holding tighter to their wallets.”He noted, for example, that business volume is down at Cocoa Beach Charters, a luxury charter business where he works as a ship captain.”Everybody is still wanting to go on vacation, but they’re pinching pennies,” Capizzi said.Hermansen said he is concerned about letters and emails he has been getting from some Canadians who had been regular visitors to his hotels. They said they aren’t coming this spring, citing the deteriorating political relations between the United States and Canada, with President Donald Trump repeatedly saying he wants to annex our northern neighbor and slapping hefty tariffs on our closest trading partner.Tourist Development Council member Julie Braga, a hotel general manager, said some potential Canadian tourists have canceled reservations, saying they have safety concerns about coming to the United States.Not all visitors to Brevard are tourists, and an executive order signed by Trump in February has severely limited travel by federal employees. That could put a crimp on hotel bookings in south Brevard, which is more dependent on business travelers than some hotels in the Cocoa Beach/Cape Canaveral area.Hermansen said he has received cancellations recently of bookings by government employees. He said some planned group events involving government employees at his hotels also have been canceled, “based on what’s happening in Washington,” related to cost-cutting initiatives.Braga said, in the government sector, “we’re anticipating and waiting for what could potentially be a huge loss.””It is certainly possible that, with all the federal employees and contractors that have business on the Space Coast, this could potentially impact business travel here — which typically represents about 5% of the overall tourism numbers,” Cranis said.Cranis said that “with a frenzied pace of launches, it is likely we will still see some level of travel from that sector, but for the other sectors, such as defense, it remains to be seen.”Space, cruises help boost visitorsLaunch activity could help boost leisure travel to the Space Coast as well, as many tourists come here in part to watch a launch or visit the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. There were 27 launches from Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station during the first three months of this year, which puts things on pace to top 100 launches this year. The current record is 93 launches, in 2024.While viewing a launch has become routine for many Space Coast residents, it can be a once-in-a-lifetime experience for people visiting from other states or countries.Having Port Canaveral — the world’s second-busiest cruise port — here also helps local hotels and restaurants, because many people stay in Brevard County one or more days before or after their cruises.Port Canaveral CEO John Murray said the port is coming off of a strong winter season, when 16 cruise ships based there, representing seven cruise brands.Murray said, for the port, the high school and college spring break period — which is spread out over nearly two months — is like having Christmas every week. The port also broke a one-day record for cruise passenger parking on March 16, with 11,167 vehicles parked in port garages and open-air parking lots. At $17 a day plus tax for cruise parking at Port Canaveral, that parking revenue for the port adds up quickly.”It’s crazy numbers right now, and it seems like it’s even-stronger demand this year than it was last year during spring break,” Murray said. “We’ve had a great season, with all these extra vessels.”Although final figures aren’t out yet, the port is likely to have broken a one-month record for operating revenue during March. Most of the port’s revenue comes from its cruise business, including cruise-related parking.What about summer leisure travel?Hotel construction along the Space Coast is continuing at a strong pace, with three new hotels with a total of 374 rooms having opened in 2024, plus the 150-room Hyatt Place Cape Canaveral having opened this February.Cranis said, with those openings, the total number of hotel rooms in Brevard topped 11,000 for the first time.In all, nine new hotels with combined 1,100 rooms are expected to open this year to meet growing demand, with six more with 731 rooms on track to open in 2026.The countywide room occupancy level at local hotels during February was 78.2% and the average room rate was $170.47 a night. The figures were even higher in the Cocoa Beach market (80.1% occupancy rate and $204.14-a-night average rate) and Cape Canaveral (80.1% occupancy rate and $222.45-a-night average rate).But one cautionary figure is that the average room rate during February was down a little from a year ago, indicating some softening in the tourism market, as the inventory of rooms increases.Hermansen said, the outlook for summer tourism is difficult to predict because many people are concerned about the economy. The closely watched Consumer Confidence Index has dropped for four consecutive months, and a related Expectations Index — based on consumers’ short-term outlook for income, business and labor market condition — fell to its lowest level in 12 years in March.”With uncertainty, people don’t plan further ahead” for their vacations, Hermansen said. “They plan more last-minute. And then you just have to wait and see.”Braga added that “there’s just been some unpredictability, and not as much stability as we’ve had in the last few years.”Cranis said the outlook for the rest of the Office of Tourism’s budget year “is a bit of an enigma, and we will wait and see what develops, as we make our way through the spring season and into summer — our biggest season of the year.”Malcolm Denemark contributed to this story.Dave Berman is business editor at FLORIDA TODAY. Contact Berman at dberman@floridatoday.com, on X at @bydaveberman and on Facebook at www.facebook.com/dave.berman.54

Mark Zuckerberg buys a Rs 200 Crore mansion in Washington, D.C.

According to the Forbes billionaire list, Mark Zuckerberg is currently the second-richest person in the world. The 40-year-old, who founded Facebook in 2004, has a staggering net worth of Rs 18 lakh crore, according to Forbes and publicly available data. The billionaire has an impressive property portfolio, which he recently expanded by adding another multi-million-dollar estate.Mark Zuckerberg buys a Rs 200 Crore mansion in Washington, D.C. Here’s all you need to knowMark Zuckerberg has purchased a $23 million (approximately Rs 197 crore) mansion in Washington, D.C.’s upscale Woodland Normanstone neighbourhood, according to a Times of India report. The deal was finalised on March 6, just three days after the property was listed. It is the third-most expensive home ever sold in the city. The report also suggests that the Meta CEO paid the full amount in cash.The 15,000-square-foot mansion is a red brick modern farmhouse, designed by architect Robert M Gurney. It houses a large swimming pool, a basketball court, and several other luxury amenities.Built in 2017, Zuckerberg’s new home is located less than 15 minutes from the White House.”Mark and Priscilla have purchased a home in D.C., which will allow Mark to spend more time there as Meta continues the work on policy issues related to American technology leadership,” a spokesperson said, reports The Independent.Zuckerberg isn’t the only billionaire CEO with a home in Washington, D.C. Amazon founder Jeff Bezos owns a $23 million (approximately Rs 197 crore) mansion in the Kalorama neighbourhood, which he purchased back in 2016. In 2021, PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel also bought a mansion in the same neighbourhood as Zuckerberg’s new home, for $13 million (approximately Rs 111 crore), according to The Independent.Mark Zuckerberg’s real estate portfolio across the USMark Zuckerberg owns several other properties across the United States. His primary residence is a 5,000-square-foot home in Palo Alto, which he bought for $7 million (approximately Rs 59 crore) in 2011, reports CNN.In 2019, Zuckerberg purchased two adjacent estates known as the Brushwood Estate and the Carousel Estate for approximately $59 million (over Rs 500 crore), according to Forbes. Together, both properties span over 10 acres.Earlier in 2014, Zuckerberg acquired extensive land holdings on the island of Kauai. His initial purchase included 707 acres for about $116 million (approximately Rs 990 crore), according to Architectural Digest. Over the years, the billionaire has purchased more land on the island.

U.S. News Reverses MBA Ranking Changes Amid Backlash from Business Schools

ARLINGTON, Va. — U.S. News & World Report has announced a reversal of its proposed changes to the MBA ranking methodology after facing significant criticism from business schools across the country. The changes, which were set to be released on April 8, 2025, would have removed at least 14 business schools from its specialty rankings.The announcement regarding the methodology alterations was made in an embargoed copy shared with business schools. Many institutions voiced immediate concerns about the implications of these changes, suggesting that they would have negatively impacted their visibility and recruitment efforts.

Eduvantis President Tim Westerbeck publicly criticized the revisions, describing them as “incomplete” and “inaccurate.” He emphasized that the proposed model did not cater to all student needs, particularly those of working professionals seeking flexible educational options. “Just when business education needs to evolve to meet radically changing workforce demands, this policy change seems almost comical in the degree to which it would entrench rather than challenge the status quo,” he stated.
Among the schools most affected was Gonzaga University’s Graduate School of Business Administration, which would have lost five specialty rankings, including project management, where it was ranked fourth the previous year. Santa Clara University‘s Leavey School of Business also faced the elimination of four rankings due to its part-time MBA offering.

Several other prominent business schools, including the University of Iowa‘s Tippie College of Business and the University of Illinois’ Gies College of Business, would have been impacted as well. Tippie discontinued its full-time MBA in 2017 and would have lost its rank in accounting, where it placed 35th last year. Gies, ranked third in accounting in 2024, also discontinued its full-time program in favor of online offerings.
The decision to change the ranking methodology was initially communicated on March 24, with U.S. News announcing criteria revisions for this year’s rankings. Schools had to respond to a statistical survey as of fall 2024 concerning full-time MBA programs to remain eligible for specialty rankings.

U.S. News conducted surveys with a total of 508 accredited business schools, with 337 completing the statistical surveys and 133 ultimately being ranked. The methodology changed this year, with rankings now considering data from both the old GMAT and the newly introduced GMAT Focus Edition.
As U.S. News revisits its MBA ranking criteria due to industry pushback, the broader business education landscape continues to adapt to changing student needs and market demands. Most business schools are keenly aware of the importance of their rankings in attracting prospective students, making this reversal a significant development.

Global markets tumble amid escalating trade dispute between Washington and key allies

April 07, World (LNW): Equity markets across Asia experienced a dramatic sell-off on Monday, intensifying concerns over a growing global economic fallout triggered by sweeping new tariffs imposed by the United States.

Investor sentiment took a sharp downturn following the announcement of a blanket tariff on Japanese exports by the White House, a move that has alarmed financial analysts and policymakers alike.

In Tokyo, stocks opened in freefall, with Japan’s leading Nikkei 225 index plunging by more than 8% in early trading. It has now slipped below the psychological 33,000-point threshold — a level not seen since August of the previous year.

The broader Topix index also faced steep losses, initially dropping by over 7.5% before clawing back some ground.

Amid the turmoil, Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba addressed parliament, acknowledging the severe economic impact of Washington’s aggressive trade stance.

He indicated that diplomatic efforts would continue in hopes of persuading the US to ease its tariff regime, though he warned that positive outcomes were unlikely to materialise in the short term.

In the meantime, Ishiba said his government was preparing a suite of emergency economic measures aimed at protecting domestic industries and safeguarding jobs.

The crisis has its roots in a dramatic escalation of trade tensions spearheaded by US President Donald Trump, who announced a sweeping 24% tariff on all Japanese imports, set to take effect later this week.

Despite Japan being a long-standing defence ally of the United States, the move has been viewed by many as a signal that no country is exempt from Washington’s new protectionist approach.

The shockwaves were felt well beyond Japan. South Korea’s Kospi index dropped by nearly 5%, triggering automatic trading halts designed to prevent market panic.

Meanwhile, Taiwan’s Taiex nosedived almost 10% shortly after markets opened, prompting circuit breakers for major tech players such as TSMC and Foxconn, whose shares each fell by close to the daily maximum limit.

In Australia, the ASX 200 index recorded losses of over 6% during morning trade, while across the Tasman, New Zealand’s NZX 50 index slipped by more than 3.5%.

Regional financial authorities are reportedly monitoring the situation closely, with several preparing to intervene should further instability threaten local markets.

The turbulence in Asian markets follows on the heels of a volatile spell on Wall Street, where US stocks endured their worst two-day stretch in half a decade.

Futures trading pointed to further declines ahead of the opening bell, with the S&P 500 teetering near the threshold of a bear market — defined as a 20% drop from its recent peak.

Adding fuel to investor anxiety, China responded to the US tariff blitz with retaliatory measures of its own, slapping a 34% levy on all American goods. The tit-for-tat escalation has reignited fears of a prolonged and damaging trade war that could disrupt supply chains, depress consumer demand, and undermine the fragile post-pandemic recovery in several economies.

Despite mounting global unease, President Trump struck a defiant tone while speaking to reporters aboard Air Force One, asserting that the US economy was becoming stronger and would ultimately emerge more competitive. However, he declined to offer any assurances regarding future market behaviour.

With financial markets in a tailspin and diplomatic channels under strain, the next few days could prove critical in determining whether this trade dispute can be defused — or if the world is heading towards a full-blown economic crisis.

The End of the Age of the Book?

Are we witnessing the end of the age of the book?​

That’s the provocative conclusion of Sam Kahn, editor of Persuasion and author of the Substack Castalia. In a recent essay, he contends that while reading persists, it has become increasingly fragmented, digital and visual.​

It’s no secret: Many students resist reading whole books. Professors, in response, assign fewer. And the consequences ripple outward.​

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As students turn to summaries, short videos or AI-generated explanations, something is lost. Classroom discussion thins. Engagement wanes. The university risks becoming a place where ideas are skimmed rather than truly absorbed.​

Kahn is not alone in lamenting this shift. I share his concern. After all, books—especially complex works of fiction and nonfiction—perform a unique cognitive and cultural function. They slow us down, draw us into alternative worlds, philosophical dilemmas and layered arguments. They cultivate habits of sustained attention, reflection and imagination that scrolling and swiping can’t replicate.​

The decline of the book carries implications that extend far beyond the classroom. They touch the very structure of thought, memory and consciousness itself. The book is not, and never was, a neutral medium.​

However, if the book is receding from the center of intellectual life, the question is not only what we stand to lose, but what will take its place.

The Publishing Industry’s Failure to Adapt to Shifting Realities

Kahn argues that the traditional book format is increasingly misaligned with the demands of the digital era. He observes that many contemporary works, both fiction and nonfiction, often feel like ideas unnaturally stretched to meet conventional book lengths.

Kahn criticizes the publishing industry’s adherence to this outdated format, suggesting that shorter forms like articles, essays and novellas may better suit today’s readers, who favor quick, fragmented engagement typical of online interactions.​

He also reflects on the structural constraints of traditional books, particularly in genres like biography and history, where a linear narrative may not best serve the subject matter. Kahn proposes alternative structures, such as the “archipelago” model, his metaphor for decentralized, interconnected cultural and intellectual approach that could allow for more flexible and engaging storytelling, better aligned with the fragmented yet interconnected nature of digital media.

This approach would enable writers to present multiple facets of a subject without adhering to a strict chronological order.​

However, Kahn also expresses concern about the cultural and historical implications of moving away from books as stable repositories of knowledge and wisdom. He suggests that while the medium may evolve, it is crucial to find ways to preserve and transmit the depth and richness of human thought that books have traditionally embodied.

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Kahn urges writers, publishers and readers to reconsider the role of books in the digital age and to explore new forms and structures that can carry forward the intellectual and cultural functions that books historically fulfilled.

My Own Experiment

I’ve authored and edited 16 books, with another—The American Child: The Transformation of Childhood Since World War II, co-authored with Peter N. Stearns—due out this fall.

However, I’ve come to realize that books aren’t the only or necessarily the most effective, way to reach readers.

To complement traditional publishing, I’ve launched a free, open-access Substack forum called Luminare: Reflections on History, the Arts and the Enduring Questions of Human Existence.

The term “luminare” is an old, poetic word meaning a source of light—not just physically, but spiritually and intellectually. It’s a guiding flame that illuminates difficult truths and helps others see more clearly.

I envision this forum as a space to grapple with the questions that haunt us: meaning, love, mortality, justice, beauty, the emotional and ethical dimensions of our lives, the cultural inheritance we carry and the price of modernity.

And always, the deeper question: What does it mean to live—and to teach—thoughtfully, purposefully and humanely?

I invite you to join this conversation. Please feel free to subscribe.

The Book as a Medium of Consciousness

For two millennia, books have been central to knowledge transmission and cognitive development. Scholars like Walter Ong and Maryanne Wolf argue that print culture has fundamentally reshaped human cognition, fostering linear reasoning, abstract thought and complex syntax.

The novel, in particular, is credited with enhancing empathy and moral imagination by allowing readers to experience diverse perspectives. Philosopher Martha Nussbaum emphasizes that literature cultivates the “narrative imagination”—the ability to understand individuals different from ourselves.​

Marshall McLuhan’s assertion that “the medium is the message” suggests that the printing press did more than disseminate ideas; it structured thought processes. Books trained minds to think sequentially, follow extended arguments and engage in silent dialogue with authors, shaping a modern self characterized by introspection and moral reflection.​

Neil Postman, in Amusing Ourselves to Death, warned that the shift from print to image-based media like television would erode rational discourse, prioritizing entertainment over substantive argument. This trend has intensified with the rise of social media and algorithm-driven content, which favor brevity and emotional appeal over depth and deliberation.​

Postman contended that the typographic culture of the Enlightenment fostered public discourse grounded in reason, with books serving as training grounds for democratic citizenship.

Similarly, Sven Birkerts, in The Gutenberg Elegies, argued that immersive reading deepens knowledge and character, teaching patience, embracing ambiguity and engaging with complexity. Maryanne Wolf, in Proust and the Squid and Reader, Come Home, provides neuroscientific evidence that reading literary fiction activates high-level brain functions, including empathy, inference, reflection and critical thinking. ​

These scholars suggest that reading books—especially novels and comprehensive nonfiction—cultivates mental habits essential for personal growth and civic engagement.

The Decline of Long-Form Reading

Evidence of a decline in book reading is mounting. Surveys from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pew Research Center show a steady decline in literary reading, especially among young adults. Instructors report that students struggle to finish assigned readings, even relatively short ones. The result is not only a loss of literary knowledge, but a loss of the cognitive scaffolding that books provide.

Books offer an immersive, sustained engagement with ideas. They foster the ability to follow an argument, weigh evidence and interpret nuance. Fiction nurtures empathy by placing readers inside other minds. Nonfiction develops the ability to grapple with competing claims and long-range thinking. When books disappear from classrooms, those habits diminish.

And yet, the decline of the book need not be framed entirely as a loss.

After the Book: What Comes Next?

What if the age of the book is not ending, but evolving? What if serious engagement is migrating—not vanishing—into new forms?

Interactive essays, long-form newsletters, podcasts, digital storytelling, AI-assisted research and multimedia formats are all expanding our options for immersive engagement. These aren’t mere distractions. At their best, they cultivate new forms of attention: more sensory, dialogic and relational.

Platforms like Substack have enabled writers to build engaged communities of readers. Podcasts, when well crafted, invite reflective listening and narrative immersion that rivals the best essays. Hybrid media—combining image, text, sound and hyperlink—offer pathways to knowledge that can be both rigorous and accessible.

These formats also expand access. Print culture historically privileged certain classes, languages and literacies. Digital media, for all their downsides, have opened up space for previously marginalized voices and storytelling traditions. Audio, video and visual formats can reach those who struggle with traditional literacy—and can engage the senses in ways print never could.

This doesn’t mean that books are obsolete. As Maryanne Wolf reminds us, deep reading fosters mental circuitry that no other medium fully replicates. But we might think of the post-book world not as an erasure, but as an expansion: a remixing of cognitive possibilities.

The challenge is to ensure that the best of book culture—its depth, nuance and ethical seriousness—survives and adapts. That might mean designing curricula that pair long-form texts with interactive discussion or developing digital formats that reward slow engagement rather than instant reaction.

The Next Chapter

If the printed book helped shape a certain kind of self—reflective, analytical, morally attuned—then its decline raises urgent questions about what kinds of selves we are now becoming. Yet this need not be a story of cultural loss. The waning of the book as our dominant medium does not signal the end of serious thought, deep reading or transformative writing. It marks a transition—one filled with both challenge and possibility.

Colleges and universities have a vital role to play in meeting this moment. In an era when AI threatens to make writing optional and attention spans are increasingly fragmented, we must reaffirm writing not as a task to be completed, but as a powerful mode of thinking, discovery and human connection.

We can begin by reimagining reading as an active, interpretive practice. That means building curricula around fewer but more substantial texts—books that demand time, patience and thought. It means encouraging students to slow down, reread, question structure, unpack arguments and consider ideas from multiple disciplinary angles—historical, philosophical, literary and scientific.

Faculty should model what deep reading looks like: how language works, how claims are made, how meaning unfolds. We should ask students not simply to summarize, but to paraphrase, reframe and respond. Tools like annotation—digital or analog—can help cultivate more engaged, reflective readers.

Equally important is our approach to writing. Writing should not be treated as mere output, but as a mode of inquiry—recursive, messy and generative. Writing centers should become hubs of intellectual development, not just sites for proofreading. Exploratory writing—journals, reflections, quick in-class prompts—can help students discover what they think and how their thinking evolves.

We should also embrace new forms without abandoning the old. Thoughtful assignments might blend traditional essays with multimodal forms—podcasts, blogs, video essays, zines—while still asking students to reason clearly and argue persuasively. Rhetorical agility—the ability to adapt voice, tone and argument to different audiences and platforms—is a 21st-century skill we must nurture.

And we must confront AI not with fear, but with creativity. Assignments should be personal, context-rich and specific—difficult to fake and deeply rewarding to write. Students should be asked to explain their process, defend their interpretive choices and even compare their work to AI-generated responses. In doing so, they learn not just how to write, but how to reflect—on meaning, authorship and originality.

In short, we must treat reading not as passive absorption, but as active engagement. We must restore writing as a vehicle of insight, not just a means of evaluation. And we must equip students to navigate a world saturated with information—but hungry for meaning.

Higher education must make the case—by word and deed—that writing is not merely a skill to be mastered, but a way of becoming more fully human. The decline of the book may be real. But so too is the opportunity to carry forward its deepest gifts: attentiveness, imagination, moral complexity and the quiet discipline of thought.

​The book’s central place may be fading—but its legacy can still shape the future. In this pivotal moment, we must cultivate students who can grapple with complex ideas and articulate their insights with clarity, coherence and conviction. As we embark on this new chapter in human expression, we need to equip our students with the essential tools to author the future.

Steven Mintz is professor of history at the University of Texas at Austin, recipient of the AAC&U’s 2025 President’s Award and author of Substack’s Luminare: Reflections on History, the Arts and the Enduring Questions of Human Existence.

7 Life-changing books Tim Cook suggests everyone should read

Read Full GalleryExplore 7 life-changing books recommended by Tim Cook that inspire personal growth, leadership, and success. Discover his top picks for profound insights and motivation.  Published: Apr 7, 2025, 2:01 PM IST Tim Cook, the visionary CEO of Apple, is not only known for his leadership and innovation but also for his love of reading. He often draws inspiration from books that shape his perspective on life, leadership, and resilience. Here are seven books personally recommended by Tim Cook that offer profound insights into perseverance, ethical leadership, and personal growth.
1. Shoe Dog by Phil KnightThis memoir by Nike’s co-founder delves into the struggles and triumphs of building a global brand. Cook admires its depiction of resilience and bold decision-making. It’s a must-read for understanding the entrepreneurial spirit.

ALSO READ: 7 game-changing books to boost productivity
2. When Breath Becomes Air by Paul KalanithiA moving memoir of a neurosurgeon facing terminal cancer, this book explores mortality and purpose. Cook praises its emotional depth and the way it redefines success and fulfillment.
3. Bobby Kennedy by Larry TyeThis biography paints a compelling portrait of Robert F. Kennedy’s transformation into a champion of social justice. Cook values its lessons on integrity, empathy, and leadership.
4. Trillion Dollar Coach by Eric Schmidt 5. March by John LewisA graphic memoir by civil rights leader John Lewis, this book chronicles his fight for equality. Cook admires its powerful message of courage and activism.
6. Gandhi: An AutobiographyThis autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi details his journey of self-discovery and nonviolent resistance. Cook finds inspiration in Gandhi’s philosophy and unwavering commitment to truth.

7. Competing Against Time by George Stalk Jr.A business classic that emphasizes the importance of time-based competition. Cook recommends it for its strategic insights and practical applications in the corporate world.
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Christian life and literature: eight books

History
The Monastic World
Andrew JotischkyYale University Press, 432 pages
We no longer live in a world where one regularly runs across monks and nuns, so dipping into Andrew Jotischky’s 1,200-year history of Christian monas­ticism feels like a trip to a foreign country. Jotischky begins the story with Christians in the early centuries divesting themselves of property in the pursuit of a holier form of living and finishes with the changes brought on by the Protestant Reformation. The book isn’t necessarily a page-turner, but it contains plenty of insights that will challenge typical preconceptions about monastic life. For example, monasticism in the Middle Ages was motivated by popular lay piety, and the thousands of monks and nuns who took vows of poverty were primarily drawn from the landed families of Europe, not the poor. Christians believed a monastic community had the power to effect penance on behalf of others, so sending both funds and family members to monasteries made sense for those who could afford it. Most Protestant readers won’t agree with monastic piety, but this book helps explain why the practice dominated the Christian tradition for so long. —Collin Garbarino

Literary Criticism
The Last Romantic
Jeffrey W. BarbeauIVP Academic, 176 pages
This book began as a series of lectures at Wheaton College in 2023 about the influence of English Romanticism on C.S. Lewis’ imagination and theology. Barbeau argues that Lewis’ claims not to be a theologian are too self-effacing and that the marginalia in Lewis’ books reveal an engagement with Romantic thinkers and modern theology. In three chapters, each followed by a brief response by another scholar, Barbeau shows Lewis’ method of moving from personal experience to objective reality, his appreciation of the power of feelings and narrative, and his love of God’s book of nature. Readers are also treated to a previously unpublished poem by Lewis found written in the back of a book of Wordsworth’s poetry. English Romanticism—especially that of the later Romantics such as Percy Shelley—has earned its negative reputation for subjectivizing aesthetics and reducing the self to sexual urges. Barbeau shows through an examination of Lewis’ notes and published works that even Romanticism can be redeemed. —Jeremy Larson
Read WORLD’s full review of this book here.

Christian Romance
Welcome to the Honey B&B
Melody CarlsonBaker Publishing Group, 304 pages
This novel might be billed as contemporary romance, but I would describe it as a charming generational story. The protagonist Jewel moves from California to her childhood home in Oregon with her surly teenager. She hopes to convert her parents’ farmhouse into a bed-and-breakfast, but her parents, Honey and C.T., are dealing with their own issues. C.T. has dementia, and Honey spends her days trying to keep up with him. He has a habit of wandering off or causing some sort of mischief. The story moves from slapstick comedy featuring C.T.’s antics to Honey’s wistful musings—and sometimes frank frustration—at their upended retirement plans. Jewel might experience a blooming romance, but the true love is shown in the “for better or for worse, in sickness and in health” relationship between Honey and C.T. In her author’s note, Melody Carlson reveals that her own husband suffers from dementia. This personal connection adds poignant authenticity to the story as much of it mirrors her own life. —Sandy Barwick

Apologetics
Happy Lies
Melissa DoughertyZondervan, 272 pages
This book offers a clear-eyed crash course in New Thought, an insidious version of recycled gnosticism lurking behind much of America’s shiny-happy “TikTok theology.” With surgical precision, Dougherty peels back the historical and philosophical layers to expose how New Thought masquerades behind Christian terms to lure unsuspecting pilgrims from the Way. Dougherty doesn’t pull any punches or sugarcoat her message. She unapologetically confronts readers with the stumbling block of a historical Jesus who presents Himself as the only way to God. But she doesn’t shout from a moralistic high horse, either. Dougherty speaks from her own experience moving from New Thought into Biblical Christianity and steers clear of rhetorical straw men—quoting straight from her own interviews with New Thought reverends and speakers. Although some readers may roll their eyes at Dougherty’s punny sense of humor and frequent Disney references, the author’s conversational style keeps the book from feeling heavy. It’s an ideal read for teens navigating our choose-your-own-adventure cultural moment or adults seeking a readable explanation of America’s gospel of self. —Grace Snell

Ethics
The Moral Circle
Jeff SeboW.W. Norton, 192 pages
Only a philosopher could claim seriously that humans owe significant duties to microbes. But that is precisely NYU bioethicist Jeff Sebo’s thesis in his new book. Sebo claims that the “moral circle” is divided into two categories: First, “moral agents”—us—who owe duties to others. Virtually everything else—including AI programs he ludicrously labels “silicon-based beings”—are “moral patients” to which duties are owed because “they have the capacity to be benefited or harmed.” Since human actions result in tremendous suffering to “billions, trillions, quadrillions, quintillions, or even sextillions of morally ­significant [present and future] beings,” Sebo argues, we “might have a duty to live primarily in service to others”—meaning virtually everything beyond ourselves. Sebo’s overarching purpose is the destruction of human exceptionalism, which he believes will result in a more benign world. But that’s very wrong. Human unexceptionalism is a prescription for more suffering, not less, because it would mark the end of our moral agency. Once we self-identify as merely another animal, that is precisely how we will act. —Wesley J. Smith
Read WORLD’s full review of this book here.

Christian Science Fiction
Above the Circle of Earth
E. Stephen BurnettEnclave Publishing, 416 pages
In 2125, on an Earth devastated by religious wars, a humanist one-world government confines faith to religious preserves. Brock Rivers grows up in a Christian preserve, but youthful (and illegal) attempts to evangelize outside its walls lead to exile on Mars with his wife and children. After years in the Martian desert without the protection—or restrictions—of Christian community, a call from home offers hope of revitalizing missions on Earth. The couple must convince apathetic, fearful Christians to fulfill the Great Commission, even in the face of hostile governments and mysterious enemies. They can become real missionaries in space, but only if they survive explosions and elder boards. This novel might feel like a cross between a Star Trek adventure and a missionary biography, but it works. The struggles of mission work and interdenominational disputes take on new intensity in this dystopian setting, while jovial prose focuses the reader on family and gospel truth. The novel imagines a bright future where faithfulness means powering up spaceships and stepping through quantum vaults to reach the nations, even to the uttermost parts of the galaxy. —L.G. McCary

Church History
Stockholm Syndrome Christianity
John G. WestDiscovery Institute, 358 pages
Stockholm syndrome is a psychological response in which victims develop feelings of loyalty or sympathy toward their captors as a means of surviving a threatening situation. This bond can make it challenging for them to escape even the most harmful circumstances. The attachment isn’t born of sound reasoning but of deeply flawed thinking, emerging from overwhelming fear and a desperate need for safety. John G. West’s new book uses this idea to explain a troubling trend among some Christian leaders. Instead of holding tightly to their faith, West argues, many leaders are adopting the values of the wider culture. This shift isn’t about being more open-minded; it’s more like falling into a trap where fear of criticism or loss of status leads to compromising core values. West’s analysis reveals that this trend resembles a kind of madness—a loss of genuine identity and conviction as believers adopt the views of their “captors.” The book urges Christians to recognize this trap and return to a more authentic, brave practice of their faith. —John Mac Ghlionn
Read WORLD’s full review of this book here.

Christian Fantasy
Darkfell
Amanda WrightQuill & Flame, 402 pages
In this novel, Amanda Wright employs some of the fantasy genre’s most beloved tropes in an entirely new and refreshing way. When Thom Darkfell is drafted into a failing army, he’s convinced death is only one battle away. Through unexpected circumstances, the mild Thom is forced to take on unexpected powers that allow him to step between realms. With the help of his best friend and the daughter of a star, Thom must quickly learn to use his powers to seal the barrier to the dark realm before his country falls into enemy hands. Darkfell uses the familiar fantasy concept of interdimensional travel, layering it with the Scriptural language of realms (think of our earthly realm, Sheol, and Paul’s “third heaven”). The world-building is deeply Biblical with heavy reliance on the Creator El’Ohim to provide and guide. Wright’s story examines themes of courage, found family, and spiritual warfare. —Marian Jacobs