This Bangladeshi director wants to cast Dev in her films…

Chayanika Chowdhury debuted as a director with the telefilm Seshbelay in 200. She enjoys undisputed popularity in the Bangladesh television circuit. After 24 years of direction, she has three films and more than 400 telefilms in her filmography. The director will soon start shooting her fourth film, Sokha Soulmate. In an interview with Anandabazar Online, Chayanika said, “I remember Tagore’s lines that tell us to simply accept everything, good or bad. From that feeling, I can say that I am fortunate. I witnessed two different eras and could accept the good of each of them. My family education, honest behavior, and values were inherent in it. Good behavior is essential to do good in life.” She further said that her student years were still on. She also did not forget her early years struggles. She was a new woman director. Hence no hero wanted to act in her drama. She did not hold to that feeling but learned from it. These things increased her grit. Like India, Bangladeshi films also have a tradition of making parallel and commercial films. Which genre is Chayanika comfortable? She did not take the time to answer. “After 24 years, I would like to describe my path as the ‘mixed’ one,” she said. She thinks that one should be updated with time, but that does not mean going with the flow. Her films hence have a combination of the past and modernity. ‘I try to make films combining the family stories with this generation’s thinking.’ The change in society affected the films, thinks Chayanika. “At my time, Nayanmoni, Dumurer Ful, or Basundhara were at the peak of popularity. Now I am watching Toofan and Rajkumar. I don’t find them bad. We watch OTTs like Hoichoi, Hotstar, and Netflix. Hence the Bangladeshi films’ pace has also increased.’ As a director, she thinks that it is not necessary for every film to have a message. But people will not go to the theaters if a film has no story. She watches Indian movies, too. Shah Rukh Khan’s Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham… is her favorite. Kaushik Ganguly’s film Ardhangini made her weep.Chayanika was asked if she would come to Tollywood and direct a Bengali film. If she does, who will play the lead?Chayanika is amazed at Dev. “There are many people in Tollywood whom I like. Uttam-Suchitra’s movies are my all-time favorite. Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Rekha, Kajol, and Madhuri are also my favorites. But I like Dev the most. He has all the hero qualities and seems close to me. I dream of making a love story with Dev.” Previously, she was asked to jointly make a Tollywood film. She could not come due to her busy schedule. Now, she wants to make a film solo. Opposite Dev, she wants either Pori Moni or Bubli. After a long journey, Chayanika realizes that some people can betray, but work will never. It stays on throughout life. 

Brits warned over yet another ‘tourist tax’ in popular Spanish city

Brits are being warned over yet another  ‘tourist tax’ as a popular Spanish city prepares to enforce entrance  fees.In a devastating blow to tourists Alicante will charge visitors admission fees for popular attractions, while residents will be exempt from this charge.The Ayuntamiento de Alicante hopes the fees will increase the value of visits and will also contribute to maintenance costs. Despite previous denials from the government team, led by Mayor Luis Barcala (PP), regarding the introduction of a tourist tax.Some of the popular attractions affected by the new charges will include the Castillo de Santa Barbara, the Contemporary Art Museum of Alicante (MACA), the Lonja del Pescado exhibition hall, the Las Cigarreras cultural complex, the Bonfire Museum and the Nativity Museum.Standing as one of Spain’s largest mediaeval fortresses, Castillo de Santa Barbara is perched on top of Mount Benacantil at a height of 166 metres and dates from the end of the 9th century when the Moors ruled the Peninsula.The castle features a museum that tells the history of the area through photographs, documents, and art. It is one of the most well-known landmarks in Alicante, and the most visited. Currently the castle is free to enter but there is a charge for using the lift.Charges for the castle are expected to be introduced by the end of 2025, it is believed Castillo de Santa Barbara will cost between three to ten euros to enter.Treasury Councillor Toni Gallego supports the move, saying: “Many cities in Spain and our province already charge for access to their monuments and museums.”He argues that it is reasonable for Alicante to explore additional revenue streams to help maintain its heritage, alongside the contributions made by local taxpayers.It is hoped the entrance fees will help raise two-four million euros annually.The initiative also includes plans for a digital citizen card offering various discounts, including free or reduced admission, which is being developed by the Department of Innovation, Information Technology, and Digital Agenda under Antonio Peral.b

27 mins ago tremendous content tremendous content Trump Says He’s Been Too ‘Busy’ to Read Melania’s Memoir By Margaret Hartmann But everyone should buy the book because it’s “great.”

Photo: Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images

In the back of many books, you’ll see the author thank their spouse for reading an early draft. But it seems safe to say that if Melania Trump thanks her husband on the acknowledgments page of her new book, it won’t be for his assistance with her literary endeavor.

During a September 19 rally on Long Island, Donald Trump revealed that he hasn’t even read his wife’s memoir, Melania, which comes out on October 8.

“People love our First Lady, I’ll tell ya,” Trump said. “Go out and get her book. She just wrote a book. I hope she said good things about [me]. I don’t know, I didn’t — so busy!”

In the next breath, Trump encouraged his supporters to buy the book he hasn’t read because it’s “great.”

“She just wrote a book called Melania,” he said. “Go out and buy it, it’s great. And if she says bad things about me, I’ll call you all up and I’ll say, ‘Don’t buy it, get rid of it.’”

Trump: People love our first lady. She just wrote a book called Melania. Go out and buy it. It’s great. And if she says bad things about me, I’ll call you all up and I’ll say, don’t buy it, get rid of it. pic.twitter.com/nkZ4725bE1— Acyn (@Acyn) September 18, 2024

This admission came up in the midst of a four-minute series of loosely connected observations and anecdotes about the media not understanding sarcasm (while most describe this kind of thing as rambling, Trump has tried to rebrand it as a genius rhetorical device he calls “the weave”).

So, here’s the full context. About 30 minutes into his speech, Trump was accusing Kamala Harris of promising to raise taxes. He then declared that he shouldn’t have said that, as the media would edit his words to make it look like he’d promised to raise taxes. “I told our great First Lady I will not be sarcastic anymore!” Trump declared. Then he complained that the press used to accuse him of struggling to find his way offstage when he was actually doing an impression of Joe Biden. Somehow, this segued into Trump relaying how he sometimes asks Melania if she’s impressed with the size of his rally crowd.

Trump plugged his wife’s book, then a few moments later, he was back to crowd size. He proclaimed himself an even bigger draw than Elvis Presley (Trump has previously suggested that he also looks like the “King of Rock and Roll.”)

“I’m the greatest of all time,” Trump said. “Maybe greater than Elvis, because Elvis had a guitar … I don’t have the privilege of a guitar!”

Donald Trump: “I’m the greatest of all time. Maybe greater even than Elvis.”Fact check: false.pic.twitter.com/snA3lby7Fo— Morgan J. Freeman (@mjfree) September 19, 2024

Then Trump circled back to fishing for compliments about his crowd size from Melania:

I’d say, “Baby, who can do it like me? Nobody can do it like me. How great am I?” … I’d say, “How great was the speech? Not how good, how great was it?” And she’s say, “It was good, but your hair looked terrible tonight.” Or the worst ever: So I said, “How was it, First Lady?” And she’d say, “It was good, but you couldn’t find your way off the stage.” I was imitating Biden, and they said I did it! 

Melania seems absolutely savage, so she probably won’t be crushed by her husband’s revelation that he hasn’t read her memoir. Or maybe he has read Melania and this whole riff was sarcastic? But it’s unclear if Donald Trump has even read the three coffee-table books he put out since leaving the White House, so that’s far from a safe bet.

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Māori And Pasifika Talent Recognised At National Book Design Awards

Friday, 20 September 2024, 8:32 amPress Release: PANZ Book Design Awards

Thursday 19 SeptemberMāori and Pasifika designers
have taken out the top honours at the 2024 PANZ Book Design
Awards, held in Auckland this evening.The supreme
award, the Gerard Reid Award for Best Book sponsored
by Nielsen BookData, went to Rewi: Āta haere,
kia tere by Jade Kake and Jeremy Hansen (Massey
University Press), a tribute to the late architect Rewi
Thompson.The book’s cover was designed by Tyrone
Ohia and Eva Charlton from design agency Extended Whānau,
and the interior by Tyrone Ohia, Eva Charlton, Max
Quinn-Tapara (Extended Whānau) and Katrina
Duncan.The designers are credited with crafting a
work of bold elegance, where every detail — from the
colour palette to the thoughtful typography — celebrates
Rewi’s legacy.The judging panel said
the approach from the design team can be summed up in the he
mihi at the opening of the book: “We battle, strive and
live to tame this great fish that Māui caught. Our
youthfulness allows us to be playful, energetic, lively,
enthusiastic and experimental and not overburdened by the
weight of our past.”Rewi: Āta
haere, kia tere and Pacific Arts Aotearoa, edited
by Lana Lopesi (Penguin Random House NZ in association with
Pacific Arts, Creative New Zealand Toi Aotearoa) and
designed by Shaun Naufahu (Alt Group) and Katrina Duncan,
were vying for the top spot in three of the most hotly
contested categories.Pacific Arts Aotearoa was
the winner of the Hachette Aotearoa New Zealand
Award for Best Typography while Rewi: Āta
haere, kia tere took out the HarperCollins
Publishers Award for Best Cover, before the shock
announcement that both titles would receive the honour of
Penguin Random House New Zealand Award for Best
Illustrated Book.

The judges were split down
the middle and felt strongly that both books were equally
worthy of the prize so made the unusual decision to award it
to both titles.Finally, attendees at the ceremony had
the chance to play judge and vote for the book they
considered most beautiful. The audience clearly agreed with
the judges and Rewi: Āta haere, kia tere was awarded
the Booksellers Aotearoa New Zealand People’s
Choice Award.Other winners included Past
the Tower, Under the Tree: Twelve Stories of Learning in
Community edited by Balamohan Shingade and Erena
Shingade (GLORIA Books) designed by Katie Kerr, which won
the Upstart Press Award for Best Non-Illustrated
Book.While The Observologist by beloved
children’s author and illustrator Giselle Clarkson (Gecko
Press) designed by Vida Kelly, was awarded the
Scholastic New Zealand Award for Best Children’s
Book.The highly anticipated Allen
& Unwin Award for Best Commercial Book for Adults
went to Fungi of Aotearoa by Liv Sisson
(Penguin Random House NZ), designed by Carla Sy. And the
always hotly contested 1010 Printing Award for Best
Cookbook was taken out by Enjoy: Food Worth
Sharing with the People You Love by Kelly Gibney
(Beatnik), designed by Sally Greer.The awards also
recognise the best in Aotearoa’s vibrant educational
publishing scene with the Lift Education Award for
Best Educational Book or Series — Primary going
to Kuwi & Friends He Puka Ngohe: Activity Book by
Kat Quin, translated by Pānia Papa (Illustrated
Publishing), designed by Kat Quin and Chelsea McKirdy. The
Lift Education Award for Best Educational Book or
Series — Secondary/Tertiary was won by Reo Ora
– Ko Te Weu Level Three: A Māori Language Course for
Intermediate Learners by Rāpata Wiri (Huia Publishers),
designed by Camilla LauThe PANZ Book Design Awards
were established by the Publishers Association of New
Zealand (PANZ) to promote excellence in, and provide
recognition for, the best book design in New
Zealand.2024
PANZ Book Design Awards Winners
(Photo/Supplied)The 2024 PANZ Book
Design Award Winners are:Gerard Reid Award for Best
Book sponsored by Nielsen BookData• Rewi: Āta
haere, kia tere by Jade Kake and Jeremy Hansen (Massey
University Press). Cover designed by Tyrone Ohia
& Eva Charlton (Extended Whānau), interior by Tyrone
Ohia, Eva Charlton, Max Quinn-Tapara (Extended Whānau)
& Katrina DuncanPenguin Random
House New Zealand Award for Best Illustrated Book (Joint
winners) • Pacific Arts Aotearoa edited by
Lana Lopesi (Penguin Random House NZ in association with
Pacific Arts, Creative New Zealand |Toi Aotearoa).
Cover designed by Shaun Naufahu (Alt Group),
interior by Shaun Naufahu (Alt Group) & Katrina
Duncan• Rewi: Āta haere, kia tere
by Jade Kake and Jeremy Hansen (Massey University
Press). Cover designed by Tyrone Ohia & Eva
Charlton (Extended Whānau), interior by Tyrone Ohia, Eva
Charlton, Max Quinn-Tapara (Extended Whānau) & Katrina
DuncanUpstart Press Award for Best
Non-Illustrated Book• Past the Tower, Under the
Tree: Twelve Stories of Learning in Community edited by
Balamohan Shingade and Erena Shingade (GLORIA Books).
Designed by Katie KerrScholastic
New Zealand Award for Best Children’s Book•
The Observologist by Giselle Clarkson (Gecko Press).
Designed by Vida KellyAllen &
Unwin Award for Best Commercial Book for Adults•
Fungi of Aotearoa by Liv Sisson (Penguin Random House
NZ). Designed by Carla Sy1010
Printing Award for Best Cookbook• Enjoy: Food
Worth Sharing with the People You Love by Kelly Gibney
(Beatnik). Designed by Sally
GreerHarperCollins Publishers Award for
Best Cover• Rewi: Āta haere, kia tere by
Jade Kake and Jeremy Hansen (Massey University Press).
Cover designed by Tyrone Ohia & Eva Charlton
(Extended Whānau)Hachette Aotearoa New
Zealand Award for Best Typography• Pacific Arts
Aotearoa edited by Lana Lopesi (Penguin Random House NZ
in association with Pacific Arts, Creative New Zealand|Toi
Aotearoa). Cover designed by Shaun Naufahu (Alt
Group), interior by Shaun Naufahu (Alt Group) & Katrina
DuncanLift Education Award for Best
Educational Book or Series — Primary• Kuwi
& Friends He Puka Ngohe: Activity Book by Kat
Quin, translated by Pānia Papa (Illustrated Publishing).
Designed by Kat Quin and Chelsea
McKirdyLift Education Award for Best
Educational Book or Series — Secondary/Tertiary
• Reo Ora – Ko Te Weu Level Three: A Māori
Language Course for Intermediate Learners by Rāpata
Wiri (Huia Publishers). Designed by Camilla
LauBooksellers Aotearoa New Zealand
People’s Choice Award• Rewi: Āta haere, kia
tere by Jade Kake and Jeremy Hansen (Massey University
Press). Cover designed by Tyrone Ohia & Eva
Charlton (Extended Whānau), interior by Tyrone Ohia, Eva
Charlton, Max Quinn-Tapara (Extended Whānau) & Katrina
DuncanTHE JUDGING PANELAnna
BrownAnna Brown is a New Zealand-based designer and
typographer. Working with visual artists, curators and
musicians she investigates through form, materials and
typography how the vehicle of the book can animate and
amplify the content it contains. She is the Director of Toi
Āria — Design for Public Good, a research unit harnessing
design for positive social change. Anna is a Professor at
Massey University’s College of Creative Arts.Te
Kani PriceTe Kani Price (Ngāti Tūwharetoa, Te
Whakatōhea) is a Programme Manager and Creative Director at
HUIA Publishers. Delivering daring book covers and interiors
for the past decade that bring an authentically Aotearoa
perspective. Te Kani designs together with the in-house team
at HUIA with manaakitanga as its core value. In 2022 Te Kani
won Emerging Designer at the PANZ Book Design
Awards.Chloe BladeChloe Blades is a
bookseller, social media manager and book club host at Unity
Books in Auckland, which won Best Bookshop in the World at
the 2020 London Book Fair. Alongside reviewing books on
TVNZ’s Breakfast Show, she has written for The Spinoff,
WOMAN magazine and Crane Brothers. Last year,
Chloe received a RISE Booksellers scholarship to go to San
Francisco and work at the Booksmith in Haight Ashbury. Chloe
holds a BA(Hons) in English Literature from Loughborough
University.Simon WaterfieldSimon Waterfield
is a designer at Lift Education, with expertise in
educational and literacy design and children’s publishing.
Simon holds a Bachelor of Design from Wellington
Polytechnic/Victoria University and has twice previously
been a judge for the PANZ book design awards, as well as
being shortlisted. He has chaired sessions with children’s
book creators Oliver Jeffers and Leo Timmers, and has been a
judge for The Arts Foundation’s Mallinson Rendel
Illustrators Award (2015 and
2017).

Dad puts on movie “with ads” for 7-year-olds, unprepared for their response

A dad’s eye-opening conversation with two 7-year-olds has gone viral on TikTok—and it’s hit a nerve with the older generation.In the clip, posted by Shannon, whose last name is not public, husband Cole recounts the hilarious exchange that left him in disbelief, realizing just how unfamiliar young kids are with traditional TV commercials.As Cole is speaking to his wife, Shannon writes on the text overlay that the girls are 7 years old (one of whom is believed to be their daughter). He explains that they wanted to watch a movie. “You could watch it for free, but with ads,” Cole tells them.More From Newsweek Vault: Online Banks vs. Brick-and-Mortar Banks
Confused, the girls ask if you can skip it. Cole explains that they had no choice but to watch the ad which was around 60 seconds long.The girls look at each other and one of them turns to Cole and asks, “Like vacation TV?” Floored by this reaction, Cole realized that they’d made the connection between the basic cable TV you’re likely to get if you stay in a hotel on holiday.”And then this soon as she said that, her friend goes, ‘Yeah, vacation TV!’ They have no idea what a commercial is… it just hit me. How many kids out there think that?” Cole says animatedly.More From Newsweek Vault: Best Savings Accounts for Kids and TeensOnce it had been established that the ads were a non-negotiable in order to watch the movie, one of the girls says, “Yeah, and you can’t pause it, rewind it or anything that.” Cole described it as one of those moments that “hit harder than anything.”Shannon’s clip clocked up over six million views and thousands of comments from other social media users who were also shocked by this realization.More From Newsweek Vault: Learn About the Best High-Yield Checking Accounts”They will never know the feeling of getting a snack from the other room and someone yelling, ‘it’s back on!’, and you have to sprint back to not miss anything,” one user commented, while another wrote, “Remember when we used to have to wait a week to find out what happens next?”

Two young girls child sit on sofa watch movie and eat popcorn. Shannon wrote in her caption: “Oh my how technology advanced”. She asked if anyone else had experienced the same thing with their children….
Two young girls child sit on sofa watch movie and eat popcorn. Shannon wrote in her caption: “Oh my how technology advanced”. She asked if anyone else had experienced the same thing with their children.
More
@thatgirl_shannon_
Newsweek spoke to trends expert and keynote speaker Daniel Levine who explained how children today have grown up with a very different media landscape compared to their parents’ generation.While kids are used to seeing ads on platforms such as YouTube, clear-cut commercials are a thing of the past, as modern advertising often merges with entertainment.”Unlike yesteryear, contemporary advertising is rife with influencer marketing and product placements that blur the lines between paid advertising and straight-up entertainment. In this context, it’s understandable that an entertaining ad might be misconstrued as ‘vacation TV’. It’s simply a mini-break from the main event,” Levine told Newsweek.Other TikTok users shared their experiences of their kids not understanding the concept of ads. One even commented that their child asked her them to skip an ad on the radio.Levine was alarmed by the dad’s bemused reaction and told Newsweek that the changes in advertising present more challenges for parents.”Ideally, the evolving mediascape should lead to discussions with children to help them identify the difference between entertainment and persuasive content,” he said.

Mark Robinson Compares Himself to Clarence Thomas: ‘High-Tech Lynching’

North Carolina Lieutenant Governor Mark Robinson denied he’s leaving the race for governor as a bombshell report from CNN is expected to drop and compared himself to Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.It’s unclear what the new information entails, but several outlets reported anonymous sources saying Republican officials were pushing Robinson to drop out. The anticipated report comes less than two months before the North Carolina gubernatorial election, which is a close race between Robinson and North Carolina Attorney General Josh Stein, the Democrat nominee.On Thursday, Robinson posted a video to X, formerly known as Twitter, accusing Stein of leaking the story to CNN and denying the claims made in the story were true. He didn’t specify, but said, “Those are not the words of Mark Robinson,” and chalked the story up to “tabloid trash.”Robinson appeared to downplay the significance of the article and said he’s not the first person to be in this position.”Clarence Thomas famously once said he was the victim of high-tech lynching,” Robinson said. “Well, it looks like Mark Robinson is too.”Thomas made the comment in 1991 during his confirmation hearing after then-Senator Joe Biden asked if he had anything he wanted to say in response to the accusations from Anita Hill. Hill accused Thomas of sexually harassing her while she worked as an adviser to him at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

North Carolina Lieutenant Governor Mark Robinson on June 21, 2024, in Washington, D.C. United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas on October 7, 2022, in Washington, D.C. On Thursday, Robinson compared himself to Thomas…
North Carolina Lieutenant Governor Mark Robinson on June 21, 2024, in Washington, D.C. United States Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas on October 7, 2022, in Washington, D.C. On Thursday, Robinson compared himself to Thomas after a report from CNN accused him of praising transgender pornography about a decade ago.
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Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images
Thomas denied the claims made against him and called the hearing a “national disgrace.” He accused members of Congress’ staff members of searching for “dirt” on him and leaking it to the media.”And from my standpoint as a black American, as far as I’m concerned, it is a high-tech lynching for uppity blacks who in any way deign to think for themselves, to do for themselves, to have different ideas, and it is a message that unless you kowtow to an old order, this is what will happen to you,” Thomas said. “You will be lynched, destroyed, caricatured by a committee of the U.S.—U.S. Senate, rather than hung from a tree.”In the CNN article about Robinson, he’s accused of referring to himself as a “black Nazi” and expressing support for reinstating slavery. The comments were allegedly made on Nude Africa, a pornographic website, message board over a decade ago.Robinson also allegedly bragged about spying on women bathing in public showers and admitted to watching transgender pornography.The North Carolina Republican has come out adamantly against allowing transgender women to use female bathrooms and against transgender women competing in women’s sports.Robinson is trailing in polls in North Carolina’s governor race by about 8 points and his campaign has been plagued by controversial statements from his past. In early September, Robinson was accused of being a regular visitor to a pornography store in the 1990s and early 2000s, according to The Assembly, a North Carolina publication. Robinson called the story false.In 2019, Robinson said abortion in America was because someone wasn’t “responsible enough to keep your skirt down” and called students from Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School who advocated for gun control after the shooting “spoiled.”If he wins, he’d be the first Black governor in North Carolina, and conservative voters, so far, have been open to forgiving the things he said.”He’s a good speaker. He made some mistakes in his past,” Allan Jones, a 59-year-old truck driver, told the Associated Press at a campaign event in August. “Haven’t we all? Did we learn from them? Let’s go forward.”Robinson’s also gotten the endorsement of former President Donald Trump, who called him “Martin Luther King, Jr. on steroids.” The lieutenant governor allegedly disparaged King on the messaging board, calling him a “commie bastard.””I’m not in the KKK. They don’t let Blacks join. If I was in the KKK I would have called him Martin Lucifer Koon!” Robinson allegedly said in response to accusations that he’s a white supremacist, according to CNN.In his video posted on X, Robinson said he’s staying in the race and maintained that he could win the election with the help of his supporters.

Alaska Science Forum: Wood frogs — farthest north amphibian cannibals

Their staccato voices can make a muskeg bog as loud as a city street, though most are so small they could sit in a coffee cup without scraping their noses.
They surprise hikers, who notice them hopping around in a spruce forest, nowhere near water.
Wood frogs, America’s farthest north amphibians and one of our state’s most unlikely residents, are the only species of frog living north of Southeast Alaska.

Rana sylvatica is among only six species of amphibians in Alaska, according to the book Amphibians and Reptiles in Alaska, the Yukon and Northwest Territories by Robert Parker Hodge, former curator at the University of Alaska Museum.
While the rough-skinned newt, the northwestern and long-toed salamanders, the boreal toad and the spotted frog prefer the mild, wet climate of Southeast Alaska, the wood frog thrives throughout the state, even north of the Brooks Range. The wood frog also holds the lonely distinction of being the Yukon Territory’s only amphibian.
Since the body temperature of frogs and other ectotherms is largely dependent on their environment, it seems odd they ended up in Alaska. The wood frog probably originated in the equatorial zone of Asia and hopped across the Bering land bridge a few million years ago, Hodge wrote.
The wood frogs were able to adapt to Alaska’s extremes because of their ability to quickly change from tadpole to frog before water freezes in the fall.
How wood frogs, a species that ranges as far south as Georgia, survived Alaska winters was a mystery until Michael Kirton inserted radioactive tags on 27 wood frogs in the fall of 1972 in Fairbanks. For his master’s thesis research at the University of Alaska, Kirton followed the frogs with a Geiger counter until they stopped moving in September.
Kirton discovered dormant wood frogs in shallow bowls of compacted forest litter. These nests, only about an inch deep, were insulated by the current year’s accumulation of leaves and twigs. Snow cover added a final blanket to shield the frogs from bitter northern air temperatures.

Kirton found frogs endured temperatures of 21 degrees Fahrenheit beneath the snow during hibernation. UAF’s Brian Barnes and his students later found a Fairbanks wood frog that survived a temperature of 10 degrees to revive when warmed.
Even with the insulation of forest litter and snow that help trap some of the Earth’s warmth, wood frog’s bodies freeze solid in the winter. That includes their heart, brain and eyeballs. As that happens, their livers convert glycogen to sugary glucose, which helps cells resist drying.
A scientist once discovered it’s a frog-eat-frog world out there. In 1961, Kjell Johansen collected 24 Alaska wood frogs and placed them in a tank with water and moss. Two days later, he found only four bloated frogs. He dissected one of the adults and found the remnants of five smaller frogs in its stomach and intestines.
Johansen thought cannibalism might be advantageous for all northern frogs, not just the stressed-out captive ones. To test his theory, he inventoried the stomach contents of wood frogs he caught in the fall, just before hibernation. He discovered assorted frog parts, mixed with the remains of spiders, tiny snails, insects and insect larvae.
Because insects become scarce when the fall chill sets in, wood frogs might eat their numerous, highly available sons and daughters to help them survive the winter, Johansen said.
• Since the late 1970s, the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Geophysical Institute has provided this column free in cooperation with the UAF research community. Ned Rozell [email protected] is a science writer for the Geophysical Institute. A version of this story appeared in 1995.

Scientists call for global action on microplastics, now found in more than 1,300 species

Barely visible to the eye, microplastics are found in the sea, rivers and lakes, as well as the ice at the poles and in the most distant land on the planet. They are often confused with marine plankton, and enter the food chain. Humans have been eating, drinking and even breathing plastic for decades. Only 20 years ago, a group of scientists introduced the term microplastics for the first time. On Thursday, these same researchers published a new review in the journal Science on what they have discovered since then. Their findings are so alarming they have called for urgent global action to reduce microplastics.The mass production of plastic did not begin until 1950. A decade later, first fishermen and then scientists warned of the presence of plastic waste in the oceans. By the late 1970s, dozens of studies were warning that smaller pieces of plastic were mixing in with plankton in the North Sea, the Sargasso Sea, the Caribbean, the South Atlantic… But it was not until 2004 — when the journal Science published a short article that mentioned microplastics for the first time — that the word entered into common use. By then, plastic had become essential to human civilization.Plymouth University professor Richard Thompson was the first author of that Science article that sought to explain the inconsistency between the figures of plastic produced and the amount counted in the sea, realizing that the key was that the pieces of plastic were increasingly smaller. “After 20 years of research, there is clear evidence of harmful effects from microplastic pollution on a global scale,” said Thompson, who has co-authored the latest study in Science. The new work is a review of what science, with more than 7,000 published studies, has learned about microplastic. The first point is that they are everywhere. Microplastics were first detected in the sea, but are also found in the atmosphere. Research into their presence in soil is more recent, but according to this new review, it could even triple the concentration in the seas. Overall, it is expected that, by 2040, the amount will more than double.“There are still unknowns, but during the 20 years since our first study, the amount of plastic in our oceans has increased by around 50%, only further emphasizing the pressing need for action,” Thompson said in a statement.What’s more, microplastic and plastic travels long distances. For example, plastic debris generated in Europe and North America ends up in the Arctic Circle, carried by the current, where it breaks down into smaller pieces. Microplastics can even be found in the mountains. In the Pyrenees, for example, the concentration of microplastics is similar to what is found in Paris or in China’s industrial cities.Fibers shed from clothing represent a large percentage of microplastics. The treaty being studied by the United Nations raises the need to develop new fabrics that do not shed them. In the image, several of them are seen on the grooves of a human finger.Ali Majdfar (Getty Images)With a size of a few microns, microplastics are confused with the plankton that many species feed on or are accidentally ingested. According to the new study, microplastics have been documented inside specimens of more than 1,300 species of fish, birds and mammals. From the intestines of anchovies and sardines, through to the stomachs of dolphins and seagulls, and human testicles. While there is no proof yet that this is connected with the fact that the quality of human sperm has dropped by half in the last half century, there is a temporal correlation. Only in recent years have researchers started to understand the impact of microplastic on human health. New research is beginning to document how not only microplastics, but also nanoplastics inside the human body increases the risk of suffering a heart attack or a stroke.Thompson’s work warns about nanoplastics, which are two or three orders of magnitude smaller than microplastics. As the University of Cadiz researcher Carmen Morales explained; “the smaller they are, the more bioavailable.”There are two major types of micro and nano plastics: primary and secondary. The former are plastics that were originally micro, such as the fibers that come off a sweater or the tiny pieces of plastic that are released from tires every time we brake too hard. But, according to the British professor’s review, the largest proportion of microplastic is secondary, meaning it comes from the fragmentation of larger pieces of plastic until they become first micro and then nano. The study has found that the rate at which plastic reaches the environment is much faster than the slow process by which its basic components are assimilated by the Earth through mineralization.The review also takes aim at the illusion of biodegradable plastic. As Morales — who did not participate in this work — points out: “In reality, many of the plastics that are advertised as biodegradable actually break up into smaller pieces.” This, paradoxically, means that the supposedly environmentally friendly products are actually more harmful, as they accelerate plastic decomposition. Since 2019, the European Commission has banned the manufacture and marketing of oxo-biodegradable plastics, which quickly fragment into smaller and smaller pieces in the presence of oxygen but don’t break down at the molecular or polymer level.Both Thompson and Morales are members of the Scientists’ Coalition for an Effective Plastics Treaty, which lobbies authorities to reduce dependence on plastic. “Most measures place the responsibility on consumers, when the most effective ones should be higher up, at the beginning of the chain,” explained Morales.In November, the United Nations will perhaps hold the definitive meeting to reach a binding global agreement on microplastics. Morales gives the example of the Montreal Protocol on CFCs, which in 1987 banned the manufacture of CFC gases, as they were causing the hole in the Ozone layer, with a transition phase. “It is not about eliminating plastics to zero, but rather analyzing which are essential and which are not, looking for alternatives,” concludes Morales. Thirty years after the Montreal Protocol, the hole in the ozone layer is beginning to recover.Sign up for our weekly newsletter to get more English-language news coverage from EL PAÍS USA Edition