Israeli researchers have created a new way to deliver drugs directly to cancerous tumors.
The researchers at Tel Aviv University developed a new platform using polymeric nanoparticles to deliver drug pairs to specific cancer types, including skin cancer and breast cancer.
The findings of the study were published in the prestigious journal Science Advances.
The researchers explain that having both drugs arrive at the tumor site together significantly amplifies their therapeutic effects and safety profiles.
The study was led by Prof. Ronit Satchi-Fainaro and doctoral student Shani Koshrovski-Michael from the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Tel Aviv University’s School of Medicine, in collaboration with other members of Prof. Satchi-Fainaro’s lab.
The team was joined by Prof. Iris Barshack from the Department of Pathology at Tel Aviv University’s School of Medicine, Prof. Roey Amir and Shahar Tevet from the School of Chemistry at Tel Aviv University, and researchers from the Israel Institute of Biological Research, Italy, Portugal, and the Netherlands.
“Currently, cancer treatment often involves a combination of multiple drugs that work synergistically to enhance their anti-cancer effect,” Satchi-Fainaro explains.
“However, these drugs differ in their chemical and physical properties – such as their rate of degradation, their circulation time in the bloodstream, and their ability to penetrate and accumulate in the tumor. Therefore, even if multiple drugs are administered simultaneously, they don’t arrive together at the tumor, and their combined effects are not fully realized.
“To ensure maximal efficacy and minimal toxicity, we sought a way to deliver two drugs simultaneously and selectively to the tumor site without harming healthy organs.”
The researchers developed biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (which break down into water and carbon dioxide within one month) capable of encapsulating two different drugs that enhance each other’s activity.
The nanoparticles are selectively guided to the cancer site by attaching them to sulfate groups that bind to P-selectin, a protein expressed at high levels on cancer cells as well as on new blood vessels formed by cancer cells to supply them with nutrients and oxygen.
The researchers loaded the platform with two pairs of drugs approved by the FDA: BRAF and MEK inhibitors used to treat melanoma (skin cancer) with a BRAF gene mutation (present in 50 percent of melanoma cases), and PARP and PD-L1 inhibitors intended for breast cancer with a BRCA gene mutation or deficiency.
The novel drug delivery system was tested in two environments: in 3D cancer cell models in the lab and in animal models representing both primary tumor types (melanoma and breast cancer) and their brain metastases.
The findings showed that the nanoparticles, targeted toward P-selectin, accumulated selectively in primary tumors and did not harm healthy tissues. Furthermore, the nanoparticles successfully penetrated the blood-brain barrier, reaching metastases in the brain with precision without harming healthy brain tissue.
Of special significance is the fact that the combination of two drugs delivered simultaneously was far more effective than administering the drugs separately, even at 30 times lower doses than prior preclinical studies.
The nanoparticle treatment significantly reduced tumor size, prolonging time to progression by 2.5 times longer than standard treatments and extended the lifespan of mice treated with the nanoparticle platform. Mice had a 2-fold higher median survival compared to those receiving the free drugs and a 3-fold longer survival compared to the untreated control group.
“We found that drug pairs delivered this way significantly enhanced their therapeutic effect in BRAF-mutated skin cancers and BRCA-mutated breast cancers and their brain metastases,” Satchi-Fainaro noted.
“Since our platform is versatile by design, it can transport many different drug pairs that enhance each other’s effects, thereby improving treatment for a variety of primary tumors and metastases expressing the P-selectin protein, such as glioblastoma (brain cancer), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma.”
The project received competitive research grants from Fundación “La Caixa,” the Melanoma Research Alliance (MRA), the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), and the Israel Cancer Research Fund (ICRF). It is also part of a broader research effort in Prof. Satchi-Fainaro’s lab supported by an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council (ERC), ERC Proof of Concept (PoC), EU Innovative Training Networks (ITN), and the Kahn Foundation.
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