The Los Angeles wildfires are thousands of miles away, but the science of fighting them happens in Worcester

Science and Health

Three thousand miles from the firestorms that have ravaged southern California, scientists in Massachusetts are lighting their own fires, in an ongoing effort to get ready for the next disaster.Worcester Polytechnic Institute is home to one of the nation’s leading research centers devoted to fires — how they start, how they burn and how to snuff them out. In 2023, the university teamed up with the National Science Foundation and San Jose State University to create a center for wildfire research.“The whole purpose of the center is to study the science behind forest fires,” said Ali Rangwala, a professor of fire protection engineering at WPI. And despite millennia of experience, humans still know far too little about what happens when forests burn.Last week, WPI doctoral candidate Fernando Ebensperger ignited samples of Ponderosa pine branches, the same kind of material going up in smoke on the West Coast. But this is a controlled burn, conducted inside a wind tunnel that pushes air past the burning material at up to 40 miles an hour.PhD student Fernando Ebensperger prepares Ponderosa pine needles for a controlled burn inside a wind tunnel at Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Lane Turner/Globe StaffDownrange from the burning pine, a high-resolution digital camera captures the tiny sparks and embers generated by the fire. A medical algorithm originally created to spot tumors has been repurposed to scan the video. The algorithm counts the bits of scorched material blowing past the camera.Ebesperger said his research will reveal how many hot embers are released and how big they are. He’s already conducted similar research with burning pieces of Douglas fir trees. He’s building up a database to help fire officials understand how far these embers can travel and what kinds of man-made building materials they could ignite.It’s vital information at a time when growing numbers of humans move into “wildland-urban interfaces,” the regions where people are in close proximity to undeveloped land. One 2018 research paper found that 43 percent of all homes built in the US between 1990 and 2010 were built in these regions, and that 25 million residents moved in.The important thing, said Albert Simeoni, head of WPI’s fire protection engineering department, is to design wildland-urban interfaces that keep fires from breaking out, or prevent them from getting too big. “There is no silver bullet,” said Simeoni, a veteran firefighter in his native France. “There is not a single solution.”So he and his colleagues are working with federal, state and local officials on an array of ideas to limit the risk of wildfires. These include more stringent building codes for fire-resistant housing and larger buffer zones around buildings to limit the spread of fires.Multiple video cameras record the fires conducted inside a wind tunnel at Worcester Polytechnic Institute.Lane Turner/Globe StaffSimeoni also said he’s working with the National Institute of Standards and Technology on developing refuge areas in likely fire zones. These would be places where people can find safety from a wildfire when escape routes are blocked by flames or gridlocked traffic. The concept took on new urgency after the 2018 Camp fire in California, where many of the 85 people who died were trapped inside the fire zone.California officials have come under fire for lacking sufficient reserves of water to fight the fires. But Simeoni said that once a wildfire gets out of control, a shortage of water is almost beside the point.“You can throw all the water you want,” said Simeoni. “After a certain size of the fire, during big wind events like that, there is very little they can do,”So Simeoni and his WPI colleagues are focused on the next wildfire disaster. ”When I was a firefighter in France we used to say, when we fight the fires, the battle is already lost.”Hiawatha Bray can be reached at [email protected]. Follow him @GlobeTechLab.

One of my favorite books is getting a gender-flipped adaption, and I’m feeling all the things

Arts & Culture, Books

Maybe you remember Louis Sachar’s 1998 novel Holes? It’s one of my favorite books ever written. It tells the story of a bullied teenage boy falsely accused of a crime and sent to a place called “Camp Green Lake” in the middle of the desert, where all the inmates are forced to dig holes day after day. From there it evolves into a tale of hope, anti-racism and justice, and it’s truly beloved among millennials like me. It was turned into a movie in 2004, a Disney flick starring Shia LaBeouf as main character Stanley Yelnats, and that also occupies a major space in my movie-loving heart.

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So I was equal parts excited and trepidatious to hear that Holes is about to be adapted again. This time, it’s coming to the small screen. It’ll be written by Alina Mankin with Liz Phang showrunning and Drew Goddard producing, and there’s a major twist that will set it apart from the previous 2004 version of the story. This time around, the main characters will be girls. At first, I admit it, I had a rush of “how dare they change it.” But after thinking about it, actually, a gender-flip makes a lot of sense. The story has already had one adaption that can scarcely be improved upon when it comes to faithfulness, so it’s time to shake things up a bit.

I do dislike that this means loses the anti-toxic masculinity thread from the novel. Stanley wins the day because of his compassion and love for his friend Zero, not by virtue of being “a real man”. Stanley is a soft hero when all is said and done and boys really need them in their stories. But the original Holes isn’t going anywhere, and having Stanley (and presumably all the other inmates of Camp Green Lake) gender-flipped opens up all sorts of storytelling possibilities. Done right, this could be a look at how poverty and the penal system affect women and girls.

Of course, the gender flip brings some questions, too. Are they going to gender flip everyone? In the original book and movie, the main villain is the Warden, a terrifying woman who paints her nails with rattlesnake venom. She’s a fantastic antagonist and I feel like to make her male would take something away rather than add it. So here’s to hoping she remains the nightmarish woman that she was in the books. And Kissin’ Kate Barlow, the fascinating former teacher who turns outlaw after her boyfriend is murdered by racists, likewise needs to remain a female character in my opinion. But I have faith that the people in charge of the show will get it right. After all, Liz Phang brought us Yellowjackets, Alina Mankin was executive story editor on Anne with an E, and Drew Goddard produced iconic works such as Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Lost. Surely this can’t go wrong.

My other question is what they’ll do about the protagonist’s name. Stanley Yelnats having a palindromic name is a fun detail in the books. What palindromic name will our female heroine go under? I look forward to finding out!

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John Wick: Chapter 4 star Donnie Yen in talks to direct his own spin-off movie

Arts & Culture, Film & TV

Donnie Yen is in negotiations to direct his own ‘John Wick’ spin-off movie.After appearing opposite Keanu Reeves’ titular assassin as rival hitman Caine in 2023’s ‘John Wick: Chapter 4’, the 61-year-old actor is due to reprise the role for his own spin-off film, though Yen has now revealed he is also “talking intimately” with Lionsgate Films about getting behind the camera on the project too.In an interview with Collider, he said: “I think both the fans, as well as the studio, want this to happen, and we’ll see.“[But] I don’t know. I can only tell you that much. But yes, we are talking, and we are talking intimately. We’ll see what happens.”The ‘Rogue One: A Star Wars Story’ star added he wanted to “bring something fresh” to the series with his spin-off.He continued: “But at the same time, I hold responsibility as well as a pressure that I don’t want to ruin the franchise.“I try to do my best to bring something fresh to the franchise itself. I don’t want to bring down the expectations for the fans. I try to do my best, like always.”The ‘John Wick’ franchise already received its first spin-off with the Mel Gibson-starring Peacock TV show ‘The Continental ’ in 2023, and is also due to see the movie ‘Ballerina’, which will be led by Ana de Armas, later this year.The upcoming flick – which will also star Ian McShane, Norman Reedus, Lorenza Izzo and the late Lance Reddick – will follow Eve Macarro (Armas) as she begins her training in the assassin tradition of the Ruska Roma.While Ana will be joining the ‘John Wick’ series as one of its new action stars, the 36-year-old actress insisted Eve wasn’t simply a female version of Reeves’ assassin – even if there are some “trademarks” that carry over from his character.She explained: “I think there are some trademarks in the style of the fights in ‘John Wick’, and things that he does that are very particular to him.“But because in this movie we’re seeing through Eve’s eyes the background of that training that John had, and how these assassins and ballerinas, how these people become these assassins, there are some little details that are the same, but Eve Macarro is Eve Macarro. She’s not John Wick!”Looking at ‘Ballerina’, Ana revealed “the grenade fight” Eve has with an onslaught of assailants was her favourite action scene of the movie, and teased the sequence “gets very intimate and nasty”.The ‘Blonde’ star said: “For me, I do love the grenade fight. You see a little bit of that in the trailer, but that grenade fight is really long.“The location is really cool, the way it happens and is set up is really cool, and it’s a combination of throwing a grenade, which is long distance, but it gets very intimate and nasty. It’s a lot of people in there, so I really like it.”

Letterboxd unveils ‘absolute gem’ with near-perfect rating as one of 2024’s best films

Arts & Culture, Film & TV

A sleeper hit has just been recognised as a standout from last years cinematic offerings. The film rating platform Letterboxd has released their ‘Year in Review 2024’, crowning the surprisingly low-key Hundreds of Beavers as the top-rated comedy of the year. Set against a 19th-century backdrop, the plot weaves a tale of a booze-hawking applejack…

Jet2 amends emails after agent objects to ‘book direct’ message

Arts & Culture, Books

The wording on a questionnaire for Jet2.com passengers will be changed after travel agent Jill Waite objected to the question: “Is there anything that Jet2 can do in the future to encourage you to book direct?”The owner of Pole Travel in Failsworth, Manchester, received the questionnaire from [email protected] on her personal email address.It featured the Jet2holidays logo alongside the Jet2.com logo and the terms and conditions at the bottom were about booking with Jet2holidays.Jet2.com sells its flights direct to consumers but Jet2holidays sells its packages via agents as well as direct.After she flagged the issue, Jet2holidays contacted her to say the wording would be changed.A Jet2holidays spokesperson said: “We are aware of this email, which was received by an agent who had made a flight-only booking.“We welcome all feedback from our independent travel agency partners, and we are amending the text after being made aware of it.”Waite welcomed the response saying that the wording would be changed but added: “The damage has been done.”She said the questionnaire asked her how she had booked the flight and listed several online travel agencies, such as On The Beach and loveholidays.She had booked a flight for herself last year, and sometimes books flights for clients using her personal email address if the client does not have their own email – but booked via her own agency rather than any OTA.Waite said it was “cheeky” that a trade-friendly brand should promote direct bookings.

‘28 Years Later’ update has me worried about my most anticipated movie of 2025

Arts & Culture, Film & TV

My family and friends know how excited I am for “28 Years Later.” It’s the latest entry in an iconic franchise, and I’m eager to see how this new trilogy will resonate with long-time fans and newcomers. But let’s just say the latest “28 Years Later” update left me disappointed (and concerned) because Cillian Murphy won’t be in it.That’s right. Despite fans speculating that Murphy may have had a brief, eerie appearance as an infected rising from the tall grass in the “28 Years Later” trailer, producer Andrew Macdonald confirmed to Empire that he’s not in the movie.“[On] this, we wanted him to be involved and he wanted to be involved. He is not in the first film, but I’m hoping there will be some Jim somewhere along the line. He’s involved at the moment as an executive producer, and I would hope we can work with him in some way in the future in the trilogy,” Macdonald said.Clearly, it’s not all bad news. There’s still hope Murphy will show up later in the trilogy, either as a cameo or, fingers crossed, in a much larger role. But I just can’t help but feel worried.Why I’m worried about the future of ‘28 Years Later’

28 YEARS LATER – Official Trailer (HD) – YouTube

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I’m not saying the new “28 Years Later” trilogy can’t work without Cillian Murphy. Yes, Jim was a huge part of the first movie, but that doesn’t mean he’s the key to driving the franchise forward. Instead, he could offer a sense of familiarity in the upcoming trilogy, and it’s nostalgia like that that could make the trilogy even better.Murphy’s absence from the first movie of the trilogy is a bit worrying because his character, Jim, was the heart of “28 Days Later.” His performance grounded the chaos with a deeply human perspective, and without him, the story risks losing some of the emotional connection and continuity that fans love. That’s not to say fresh faces and new stories can’t bring new energy to the franchise. I’m optimistic that Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Jodie Comer, and Ralph Fiennes will deliver performances that make their characters just as iconic in their own right.What does worry me, though, is whether the trilogy will even get completed if “28 Years Later” doesn’t receive the reception it needs. The plan is ambitious: starting with Danny Boyle’s “28 Years Later,” followed by Nia DaCosta’s “28 Years Later: The Bone Temple” (which has already wrapped production), and concluding with a third movie, directed by Boyle again.However, that final chapter won’t even go into production until audiences respond to the first movie. It makes sense to save Jim’s return for a big finale, but if this trilogy doesn’t take off, Murphy may never get the chance to reprise his iconic role.(Image credit: Alamy / RGR Collection)Screenwriter Alex Garland said to Empire: “This is very narratively ambitious. Danny and I understood that. We tried to condense it, but its natural form felt like a trilogy.”I’m someone who absolutely hates it when franchises are left incomplete. I get that financial struggles can derail things when the first or second movie doesn’t perform well, but it still leaves me feeling so empty. “Percy Jackson” was a big heartbreak for me, along with “The Amazing Spider-Man” and “The Chronicles of Narnia.” These franchises never got the chance to finish their stories, and I’m really hoping “28 Years Later” doesn’t end up sharing the same fate.That said, all we can do is wait to see how this trilogy unfolds. Who knows, maybe we’ll be pleasantly surprised, and Cillian Murphy will make an unexpected appearance in “28 Years Later.” It wouldn’t be the first time fan theories were dismissed, only to turn out true, like when Tobey Maguire and Andrew Garfield shocked audiences in “Spider-Man: No Way Home.”For now, we’ll just have to hold out until “28 Years Later” hits the big screen on June 20, 2025. In the meantime, you can revisit “28 Days Later” now that it’s finally available to stream on Amazon.More from Tom’s Guide

Edinburgh set to introduce tourist tax in bid to raise £50m a year

Travel

Your support helps us to tell the storyFrom reproductive rights to climate change to Big Tech, The Independent is on the ground when the story is developing. Whether it’s investigating the financials of Elon Musk’s pro-Trump PAC or producing our latest documentary, ‘The A Word’, which shines a light on the American women fighting for reproductive rights, we know how important it is to parse out the facts from the messaging.At such a critical moment in US history, we need reporters on the ground. Your donation allows us to keep sending journalists to speak to both sides of the story.The Independent is trusted by Americans across the entire political spectrum. And unlike many other quality news outlets, we choose not to lock Americans out of our reporting and analysis with paywalls. We believe quality journalism should be available to everyone, paid for by those who can afford it.Your support makes all the difference.Read moreEdinburgh is set to introduce a tourist tax on accommodation in a bid to raise up to £50 million a year towards improving the city.If agreed, from 24 July 2026, guests in the Scottish capital will have to pay a five per cent visitor levy to stay overnight.Edinburgh will be the first city in Scotland to charge a mandatory city-wide levy – similar to schemes in European cities such as Amsterdam.Read more: The best hotels in EdinburghThe city’s council approved the ‘Transient Visitor Levy’ proposal in August to charge visitors at hotels, B&Bs, campsites and holiday rentals let out through Airbnb five per cent of the cost per room per night. The fee will be capped at five consecutive nights per person following a 12-week public consultation with over 4,500 responses.According to Edinburgh Council, temporary campsites and parks will be liable for the levy, and refunds will be issued within five working days for all exempt visitors to reflect public feedback.The council is set to agree to the visitor levy scheme for Edinburgh later this month, with charges applied to accommodation bookings made on and after 1 May 2025 and after 24 July 2026.Summer is a busy time for tourism in Scotland as comedians flock to the capital for the Edinburgh Fringe festival.Updated proposals will be considered by the Policy and Sustainability Committee on 17 January and by all councillors at a meeting on 24 January.Jane Meagher, Edinburgh council leader, estimated an “income of up to £50 million” once the tourist tax is established.Ms Meagher said on Wednesday (8 January): “This is the moment we have been working towards – a once in a lifetime opportunity to sustain and enhance Edinburgh’s position as one of the most beautiful, enjoyable destinations in the world.”“We’ll be able to use funds to help us manage tourism sustainably and boost projects which benefit the experience of visitors and residents. I’m looking forward to working with Councillors to agree the scheme this month, which will allow further work to be carried out on the details of Edinburgh’s new levy,” she added.At least 16 other Scottish authorities, including the Highlands, are also considering introducing their own visitor taxes that could come into force in late 2026.The move follows a proposed bill by the Welsh Government to introduce a “small” visitor levy that could see visitors to the country paying up to £1.25 per night by 2027.Finance secretary Mark Drakeford introduced the bill on 25 November for consideration by the Senedd.Councils would have to opt into the scheme that would affect guests staying in hotels, bed and breakfasts and self-catered accommodation once the Senedd makes it legal.For more travel news and advice, listen to Simon Calder’s podcast

Top Travel Tips for First-Time Visitors to Pakistan

Travel

This article has been reviewed by Wego’s editorial team to ensure that the content is up to date & accurate.

Why you’ll love your first trip to Pakistan
Planning your first trip to Pakistan? You’re in for a treat! With its stunning landscapes, vibrant culture, and rich history, Pakistan offers unforgettable experiences. Adventurers will relish the opportunity of exploring the Karakoram, while travelers will be drawn to the intoxicating rhythm of Lahore’s streets. However, the warmth of the people of Pakistan continues to be a defining feature. The locals are generally known for their hospitality and willingness to share a meal or tea with visitors, offering a glimpse into daily life.
While navigating the country’s diverse regions and customs may seem overwhelming at first, a little preparation goes a long way. To help you make the most of your journey, we’ve put together essential travel tips for first-time visitors.
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Essential preparations for your trip
A successful journey to Pakistan hinges on careful planning. Below are the key components that will form the foundation of a smooth, safe, and comfortable travel experience in this diverse country.
Visa and documentation
If you’re planning a trip to Pakistan, ensure you have the necessary travel documents in order. Citizens of 120 countries can apply for a streamlined Pakistan tourist visa, officially called the Visa Prior to Arrival, through the Pakistan Online Visa System. Applications must be submitted at least 24 hours before travel. Nationals of Gulf countries like the UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait are exempt from visa requirements.
The Visa Prior to Arrival is valid for 90 days with multiple entries. Applications are typically processed within 24 working hours, though resubmissions can delay processing. Required documents include a passport and a recent photograph.
Travel insurance
Securing travel insurance is a crucial aspect of your trip preparation. It provides coverage for unexpected events such as medical emergencies, trip cancellations, or lost luggage. Choose a comprehensive plan that includes emergency medical evacuation, especially if you plan to visit remote mountainous regions. Having travel insurance ensures that you are protected against unforeseen circumstances, allowing you to enjoy your trip with peace of mind.
Packing essentials
When packing for Pakistan, consider its diverse climate and terrain. For lowland areas like Karachi and Lahore, lightweight, breathable fabrics such as cotton or linen are ideal for managing summer heat. In the northern highlands, such as Hunza and Skardu, pack a well-insulated jacket, thermal layers, and a scarf to combat chilly evenings, especially in autumn and winter.
Basic medications, insect repellent, and a first-aid kit are important, given limited resources in remote areas. Include power adapters and portable chargers to stay connected. Remember that modest clothing is not just respectful but can also ensure smoother interactions with locals.
Planning your itinerary
For first-time visitors, careful route selection and timing can make all the difference. Below, we highlight major hotspots and provide a curated one-week plan.
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Must-visit destinations for first-time travelers
Badshahi Mosque, Lahore

The Badshahi Mosque, a masterpiece of Mughal architecture, is one of Pakistan’s most iconic landmarks. Its grand red sandstone structure and intricate marble inlay captivate visitors. Located near Lahore Fort, the mosque offers a serene space for reflection amidst the bustling city, making it a must-visit for history and culture enthusiasts.
Attabad Lake, Hunza

Attabad Lake, formed after a landslide in 2010, is a striking turquoise gem in the Hunza Valley. Surrounded by towering mountains, it offers boating, jet-skiing, and tranquil views that leave visitors in awe. The lake’s surreal beauty makes it a perfect spot for photography and a highlight of any northern adventure.
Deosai National Park, Skardu

Known as the “Land of Giants,” Deosai National Park is a high-altitude plateau offering breathtaking landscapes of wildflower meadows and snow-capped peaks. The park is home to unique wildlife, including the Himalayan brown bear. Visit during summer to experience its vibrant greenery and pristine lakes, a nature lover’s dream destination.
Recommended itinerary for a week
Day 1: Exploring Lahore’s historic gems
Begin in Lahore, delving into the city’s vibrant culture. Explore Badshahi Mosque, marveling at its imposing red sandstone structure and ornate calligraphy. Sample famed Punjabi cuisine at local dhabas, savoring dishes like nihari and haleem. Later, stroll along Food Street near Fort Road for an atmospheric evening meal.

Catch the flag-lowering ceremony at the Wagah Border in the afternoon, witnessing patriotic fervor at this dramatic spectacle. In the evening, wander the ancient streets of the walled city, immersing yourself in centuries-old markets. Lahore’s historical charm and modern energy will set a captivating tone for the week ahead.
Day 2: Discovering Islamabad’s green spaces and cultural sitesTravel north to Pakistan’s capital, Islamabad, known for its lush greenery and organized layout. Visit the striking Faisal Mosque, a modern architectural marvel that accommodates thousands of worshippers. For an educational detour, stop by Lok Virsa Museum, showcasing folk heritage and handicrafts that celebrate the country’s diverse cultural landscape.
Spend the afternoon hiking the Margalla Hills, which offer panoramic views over the city. Monal Restaurant, perched atop a scenic ridge, is popular for dinner, combining local flavors with sweeping vistas. Relax in the capital’s calm ambiance before preparing for the next stage of your journey into picturesque mountain areas.
Day 3: Immersing in Hunza Valley’s natural beauty and heritage

Embark on a long drive or take a domestic flight toward Gilgit, en route to the famed Hunza Valley. The region’s snow-capped peaks and terraced fields create breathtaking photo opportunities. Stroll through Karimabad’s cobblestone lanes, chatting with hospitable locals and admiring apricot blossoms if you visit in spring.
Check out Baltit Fort, perched dramatically on a cliff overlooking the valley. Its wooden balconies and museum showcase Hunza’s royal heritage. Stop by Café de Pamir to enjoy locally sourced tea and scenic views. In the evening, watch the sun set behind Rakaposhi, casting a warm glow across the landscape.
Day 4: Relaxing at Attabad Lake and nearby villagesContinue north to Attabad Lake, a turquoise gem formed after a landslide dammed the Hunza River. Boat rides here are mesmerizing, offering unobstructed mountain vistas. The lake’s serene atmosphere contrasts with the hum of daily life, making it an ideal spot to relax and reflect amid nature’s grandeur.
Seek out nearby Gulmit village, where you can visit local artisans producing handicrafts. Enjoy homemade chapshuro (a savory meat pie) for lunch, experiencing regional cuisine beyond the usual fare. End the day capturing golden-hour photos at the lakeside. Attabad’s dramatic scenery provides unforgettable snapshots and a sense of timeless tranquility.
Day 5: Exploring Gilgit’s cultural and historical treasuresReturn to Gilgit, a vibrant hub serving as a gateway to various northern valleys. Stop by the bustling local bazaar for souvenirs such as embroidered caps or dried fruits. This commercial center also offers easier access to services like ATMs, hospitals, and communication facilities, perfect for recharging midway through your journey.
Learn about the region’s spiritual heritage at the Kargah Buddha, an ancient rock-carved statue hinting at centuries of Buddhist influence. In the evening, enjoy a riverside meal, sampling trout fresh from the Gilgit River. Prepare for an early departure as you transition from rugged landscapes back toward bustling urban areas.
Day 6: Experiencing Rawalpindi’s bustling bazaars

Head to Rawalpindi, often called “Pindi,” a city brimming with energy and character. Navigate the chaotic yet colorful Raja Bazaar, where you’ll find everything from spices to textiles. Taste roadside samosas and jalebis, immersing yourself in local street food culture, a hallmark of this lively metropolitan area.
Visit the historic Saddar neighborhood, famed for colonial-era architecture and iconic landmarks like Liaquat Bagh. Talk with friendly shopkeepers eager to share stories of the city’s past. Rawalpindi’s vibrant chaos contrasts starkly with northern serenity, reminding you that Pakistan’s charm lies in its diversity and multifaceted experiences.
Day 7: Unwinding in Karachi’s coastal and culinary delightsConclude your trip in Karachi, the nation’s economic powerhouse and coastal metropolis. Explore Clifton Beach, watching camel rides and ocean sunsets. Wander through the Frere Hall gardens, admiring British colonial architecture enveloped by modern high-rises. This bustling city reveals yet another side of Pakistan’s ever-changing personality.
Delve into the city’s robust culinary scene, sampling Sindhi biryani or fresh seafood at Port Grand. If time allows, visit the Quaid’s Mausoleum to pay tribute to Pakistan’s founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Reflect on the week’s adventures, cherishing the vivid memories and forging a desire to return soon.
Best time to visit and weather considerations
The best time to visit Pakistan is from April to early June and from September to October. The weather is moderate during these months, making it ideal for exploring the mountainous northern regions and the warmer plains. Northern areas like Hunza and Skardu showcase blooming flowers in spring and vibrant autumn hues, while trekking routes are safer and more accessible.
Avoid visiting during the monsoon season (July to September) due to heavy rains, which can cause landslides and make roads hazardous, particularly in mountainous areas. The winter months (November to February) are ideal only if you’re prepared for extreme cold in the north, as many valleys may become inaccessible due to snow. Similarly, the summer months (June to August) bring scorching heat to the plains, making cities like Lahore and Karachi uncomfortable for sightseeing. By choosing the shoulder seasons, you’ll enjoy pleasant weather and fewer travel disruptions.
Managing your budget
Traveling in Pakistan can be an incredibly budget-friendly experience with thoughtful planning. Costs vary widely between cities and regions due to infrastructure, transportation, and tourist demand differences.
Affordable accommodation options
In major cities like Lahore and Islamabad, budget accommodations typically range between USD 15-30 per night for clean guesthouses or budget hotels. Mid-range hotels cost around USD 40-70 per night, offering added amenities like Wi-Fi and breakfast. By contrast, northern regions like Hunza and Skardu may charge USD 25-50 per night, reflecting higher logistical costs.
Homestays in tourist hotspots like Hunza provide authentic experiences and can cost as low as USD 20 per night, often including homemade meals. Booking during the off-peak season (October to March) in popular cities ensures cheaper rates. Platforms like Booking.com and Agoda regularly offer discounts, making it easier to secure budget-friendly stays.
Cost-effective dining tips
Local eateries and roadside dhabas serve delicious meals at incredibly low prices. A generous serving of biryani, karahi, or daal chawal at a dhaba costs USD 1-3 in smaller towns and around USD 4-7 in cities. Street snacks like gol gappay and samosas are widely available for under USD 1 per portion.
Upscale restaurants in urban centers, like Islamabad’s Monal or Karachi’s Kolachi, may cost USD 10-20 per meal, but lunch deals and group discounts can make dining more affordable. Regional delicacies such as Sindhi biryani or Balti cuisine in Gilgit are must-try experiences. Be mindful of hygiene to avoid potential health risks.
Transportation on a budget
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Intercity buses operated by Daewoo or Faisal Movers charge USD 10-20 for journeys between Lahore and Islamabad. Trains, like those on the Pakistan Railways network, cost USD 5-15 for economy class and USD 20-40 for air-conditioned sleepers. Domestic flights between Karachi and Skardu or Lahore average USD 50-100 when booked early.
Within cities, ride-hailing apps like Uber and Careem offer short trips for USD 2-5. Traditional rickshaws cost less but require bargaining, averaging USD 1-3 per ride. In northern regions, renting a vehicle with a driver costs around USD 50-70 per day, ideal for exploring remote locations without depending on local transport.
Free or low-cost activities
Explore iconic landmarks like Lahore Fort (USD 1-2 entry fee) and Badshahi Mosque (free) for a glimpse into Mughal grandeur. Nature lovers can hike to Fairy Meadows or visit Naltar Valley for breathtaking scenery, with permits costing around USD 5. Many religious shrines, such as Data Darbar, welcome visitors free of charge.
Bazaars like Rawalpindi’s Raja Bazaar or Karachi’s Saddar Market offer vibrant shopping experiences without entrance fees. Northern festivals, such as those in Hunza, are often free to attend and showcase local music and dance. With careful planning, you can balance enriching activities and cultural exploration while keeping costs minimal.
Cultural tips for a respectful journey
Respectful engagement with local customs can open doors to heartfelt connections. Below, find practical advice to help you dress appropriately, observe etiquette, and avoid cultural missteps.
Dress code and modesty guidelines

Pakistan is a predominantly Muslim country, and dressing modestly is both respectful and appreciated. For women, wearing loose-fitting clothes such as shalwar kameez or long skirts is advisable, especially when visiting rural areas and religious sites. Men should avoid sleeveless tops and opt for long pants or traditional attire like the kurta. Carrying a lightweight shawl or scarf is useful for visiting mosques, where women are required to cover their heads. Dressing appropriately helps you blend in and shows respect for local norms.
Understanding local customs and etiquette
Politeness and humility are highly valued in Pakistani culture. Greet people with Assalam-o-Alaikum (Peace be upon you) and respond with Wa Alaikum Assalam (And upon you be peace). It is customary to accept offers of tea or snacks as a sign of hospitality, so graciously accepting these gestures can enhance your experience. When interacting with locals, use titles like “Mr.” or “Ms.” unless invited to use first names. Showing genuine interest in their culture and traditions helps build trust and meaningful connections.
Religion and public behavior
Religion plays a significant role in Pakistani society, and respecting religious practices is crucial. During the month of Ramadan, many Muslims fast from dawn until sunset, so it’s respectful to avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours. When visiting mosques, women should cover their heads, and both genders should remove their shoes before entering prayer areas. Additionally, be mindful of prayer times, as businesses may close briefly to accommodate worship. Observing these practices fosters mutual respect and positive interactions.
Photography do’s and don’ts
While capturing memories through photography is encouraged, it’s important to ask for permission before taking pictures of people, especially in rural areas and religious sites. Avoid photographing military installations, government buildings, and sensitive locations, as this can lead to legal issues. Always be respectful and considerate when photographing locals, and avoid intrusive or inappropriate shots. Being mindful of these guidelines ensures that your photography experiences are positive and respectful.
Safety and practical advice
Concerns about security or unfamiliar environments can deter new travelers, yet Pakistan’s hospitable culture generally welcomes foreigners. Below, find essential pointers on traversing cities and rural areas, avoiding scams, and gathering emergency contacts for a secure travel experience.
Navigating cities and rural areas
Traveling through Pakistan requires adapting to its contrasting environments. In cities like Islamabad, modern infrastructure and ride-hailing apps like Uber and Careem ensure convenient navigation. Meanwhile, Lahore’s bustling streets demand patience and careful planning to avoid peak traffic hours. However, road conditions are often rough or unpaved in rural and mountainous areas, making a sturdy vehicle and local knowledge indispensable for safe travel.
If exploring remote valleys or off-the-beaten-path locations, inform your hotel or a trusted contact of your itinerary. Bring ample supplies and note potential fuel stops in advance. Road signage can be inconsistent, so use offline maps or GPS tools.
Staying savvy while traveling
Like any travel destination, being mindful of your surroundings and taking simple precautions ensures a worry-free trip. To avoid misunderstandings when shopping or using local transport, inquire about rates beforehand. Taxi and rickshaw fares can vary, so asking locals for guidance on fair pricing is helpful.
Booking services or activities through verified platforms or trusted sources is a great way to enjoy your experiences confidently. In crowded areas, keep your belongings secure and avoid displaying valuables unnecessarily.
If you’re unsure about any situation, politely seek clarification or ask your hotel or local authorities for assistance. With a bit of preparation and awareness, you can focus on enjoying Pakistan’s vibrant culture and breathtaking landscapes without worry.
Emergency contacts and resources
Save critical phone numbers, including local police (15 in many areas), ambulance services (115), and your embassy or consulate’s helpline. Rescue services may be limited in rural zones, making any local guide or community leader a valuable resource. Verify local emergency numbers, as they sometimes differ across provinces.
Keep digital and printed copies of important documents in case of loss or theft. If you face any trouble, reaching out to hotel staff or national tourist offices can expedite solutions. Build contingency buffers into your itinerary, allowing extra time to address unforeseen complications while enjoying the journey.
Language and communication
While English is widely spoken in urban areas and among the younger population, learning a few basic Urdu phrases can significantly enhance your interactions and experiences. For first time in Pakistan tips, simple greetings like Aap kaise hain? (How are you?) and Shukriya (Thank you) show respect and can endear you to the locals. Additionally, knowing phrases like Kya yeh kitne ka hai? (How much is this?) and Mujhe madad chahiye (I need help) can be incredibly useful in daily situations, from shopping to seeking directions.
Technology and travel tools
Leveraging technology can help you save money during your trip. Apps like Wego can help you compare flight prices and find the best deals. Additionally, look for discounts and special offers on flights and hotels. Many airlines offer student discounts, so carrying your student ID can be beneficial. Staying informed about these opportunities allows you to stretch your budget further while enjoying all that Pakistan has to offer.
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