François Arago was a pioneering French physicist, astronomer, and politician whose legacy spans both scientific discovery and public service.
Born in 1786, Arago made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of optics and electromagnetism, most notably his work on the polarization of light, which helped validate the wave theory of light. He also discovered “Arago’s rotations,” a key phenomenon in magnetism that paved the way for future innovations like electromagnetic induction.
Towering Scientists: Foucault’s pendulum and Earth’s rotation
In addition to his scientific achievements, Arago played a crucial role in the development of the metric system. Alongside Jean-Baptiste Biot, he extended the meridian arc from Dunkirk to the Balearic Islands, a measurement critical for defining the meter. This work laid the foundation for the global adoption of the metric system.
Arago’s influence wasn’t limited to science; he was also an active politician and a strong advocate for republican ideals. He served as Minister of War and the Navy during the 1848 French Revolution and was instrumental in abolishing slavery in French colonies.
Today, Arago is remembered not just for his contributions to science but also for his impact on society.
In Paris, a series of 135 bronze medallions mark the Paris Meridian, a subtle homage to Arago’s work in mapping the Earth and advancing the metric system, ensuring his legacy endures both in science and in the very streets of the city he helped shape.
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