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Research suggests endless video scrolling may be reshaping attention, memory, emotional regulation, particularly in children and adolescents, whose brains are under construction
Short-form videos fragment attention. When the brain is constantly switching between clips, it has little time to process or store information deeply. (Getty Images)
Scroll. Tap. Swipe. Watch. Repeat. For millions of people, this rhythm now defines leisure, learning, and even social connection. Short-form videos such as Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts, Snapchat stories, and TikTok-style formats have become the dominant way children and teenagers consume content. What began as entertainment has quietly evolved into a habit.
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This raises an uncomfortable question: what is this doing to developing minds? A growing body of research suggests that the endless stream of ultra-short, high-stimulation videos may be reshaping attention, memory, and emotional regulation, particularly in children and adolescents, whose brains are still under construction.
A recent analysis published by The Conversation brings together neuroscience, psychology, and behavioural studies to explain why short-form video platforms feel so irresistible, and why their impact may be more profound than parents and educators realise.
The Rise Of The Infinite Scroll Generation
India is home to one of the youngest populations in the world, with median age being 28 years, and also one of the fastest-growing digital audiences (with over a billion users). Smartphones are now common in households across income groups, and children are being introduced to screens earlier than ever before. Online classes during the pandemic accelerated this exposure, making screens a normal part of education as well as entertainment.
Short-form video platforms thrive in this environment. They require minimal effort, offer instant gratification, and adapt rapidly to user preferences. Unlike television or long-form videos, there is no clear beginning or end. The content never really stops; it simply refreshes.
For young users, this format fits perfectly into fragmented attention spans and busy schedules. For the platforms, it is a design triumph. For developing brains, scientists say, it may be a problem.
What The Science Says About Attention
According to the analysis in The Conversation, attention is not a fixed trait but a skill that develops over time. Children learn to focus by practising sustained attention, such as reading a book, listening to a teacher, and playing a game, which requires patience. Short-form videos, by contrast, reward constant switching.
Each clip is designed to capture attention within seconds. If it does not, the viewer swipes away. Over time, the brain adapts to this rapid stimulation, becoming less comfortable with slower, less immediately rewarding tasks.
Researchers cited by The Conversation note that frequent exposure to short-form content is associated with reduced tolerance for boredom. Boredom, once seen as negative, actually plays an important role in learning and creativity. It pushes the brain to explore, imagine, and reflect. When boredom is instantly eliminated by a swipe, that mental space disappears.
For Indian students, exam pressure and long study hours can diminish attention can have serious consequences.
Dopamine, Rewards And The Hook Of Short Videos
At the centre of this phenomenon is dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to motivation and reward. Short-form video platforms are engineered to deliver frequent dopamine spikes through novelty, humour, emotional content, and surprise.
Each new video offers the possibility of reward — a joke, a trend, a dramatic reveal. The unpredictability is key. Neuroscientists describe this as a “variable reward system”, similar to what makes slot machines addictive. You do not know what is coming next, so you keep scrolling.
The Conversation analysis explains that developing brains are especially sensitive to dopamine. In children and teenagers, the reward system matures faster than the brain’s self-control mechanisms. This imbalance makes young users more vulnerable to impulsive behaviours and habit formation.
In simple terms, the brain learns to crave fast rewards and struggles with delayed gratification — a skill essential for studying, problem-solving, and emotional resilience.
Memory, Learning, And The Cost Of Constant Stimulation
Another concern raised by researchers is the impact on memory and learning. Learning requires encoding information, consolidating it, and recalling it later. This process works best when attention is sustained, and distractions are limited.
Short-form videos fragment attention. When the brain is constantly switching between clips, it has little time to process or store information deeply. Studies cited by The Conversation suggest that heavy short-video consumption may be linked to weaker working memory and reduced comprehension, especially when it replaces reading or focused learning.
In India, where competitive exams demand long hours of concentration and deep understanding, this shift could widen learning gaps. Students accustomed to bite-sized content may find textbooks and lectures increasingly difficult to engage with.
Emotional Regulation And Mental Well-Being
Beyond attention and memory, scientists are also examining how short-form videos affect emotional regulation. Emotional regulation refers to the ability to manage feelings such as frustration, anxiety, and sadness.
Short-form platforms often deliver intense emotional content such as humour, outrage, fear, and aspiration in rapid succession. For young users, this emotional rollercoaster can make it harder to process feelings calmly.
The Conversation analysis points to emerging evidence linking heavy short-video use with increased anxiety, irritability, and mood swings. When stress or discomfort arises, the instinctive response becomes scrolling, rather than reflection or conversation.
For adolescents already facing academic pressure, social comparison, and uncertainty about the future, this coping pattern may increase vulnerability to mental health issues.
Why Developing Brains Are More At Risk
One of the key points stressed by researchers is that children’s brains are not simply smaller adult brains. The prefrontal cortex, responsible for planning, impulse control, and decision-making, continues developing well into the mid-20s.
During this period, experiences shape neural pathways. Habits formed early can have lasting effects. When short-form videos dominate daily life, they may influence how the brain learns to seek rewards, manage attention, and handle emotions.
The Conversation notes that while adults may also experience distraction and reduced focus, children and teenagers are more susceptible because their brains are still wiring themselves.
India’s Unique Digital Challenge
India’s situation adds urgency to these findings. Smartphone access is expanding faster than digital literacy. Many children have personal devices but limited guidance on healthy usage. Parental controls are often underused, and schools rarely address screen habits beyond basic warnings.
Short-form videos are no longer just entertainment. They are used for news, exam tips, language learning, and life advice. This blurs the line between productive and passive screen time, making it harder for parents to set boundaries.
At the same time, tech platforms aggressively localise content for Indian users, ensuring cultural relevance and constant engagement. The result is an ecosystem where young users are rarely offline.
Is This An Addiction?
Researchers are careful with the word “addiction”, but many agree that short-form video consumption can become compulsive. The Conversation highlights studies showing that some users experience withdrawal-like symptoms such as restlessness and irritability when unable to access short videos.
The concern is not occasional use, but habitual, uncontrolled consumption that displaces sleep, physical activity, face-to-face interaction, and focused study.
What Parents And Schools Can Realistically Do
Experts quoted by The Conversation stress that banning technology is neither practical nor effective. Instead, the focus should be on balance and awareness.
Parents can play a role by delaying smartphone ownership, setting screen-free times, and modelling healthy digital behaviour themselves. Schools can integrate digital literacy into curricula, helping students understand how platforms are designed to capture attention.
Encouraging activities such as sports and music that build sustained focus is equally important. These activities strengthen the very skills that short-form videos tend to erode.
The Policy Question India Must Confront
India has begun conversations around data protection and online safety, but cognitive and behavioural impacts of platform design remain largely unaddressed. The Conversation analysis argues that this gap matters.
If platforms profit from attention-maximising designs, should there be stronger regulations around children’s use? Should schools receive clearer guidelines? These questions are increasingly being debated globally, and India may not be able to stay on the sidelines for long.
The Madras High Court has recently urged the Centre to consider banning children under the age of 16 children to using social media, a legislation enacted by Australia. A bench of Justices G Jayachandran and KK Ramakrishnan while disposing of a petition filed highlighting the easy availability of pornographic content on the internet observed that “authorities concerned” should raise awareness campaign more effectively until a legislation is passed.
What To Conclude
Short-form videos are not inherently harmful. They can entertain, educate, and connect. The problem arises when they dominate attention during critical developmental years.
The science does not suggest an immediate crisis, but it does point to long-term risks that deserve attention. How young Indians scroll today may shape how they think, learn, and cope tomorrow.
December 27, 2025, 08:15 IST
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