As someone from California, this is the first time I’ve ever heard someone compliment our driving! If you’ve experienced a “culture shock” moment while visiting another US state, share your experience with us in the comments, or you can anonymously submit it using this form!
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A few days ago, the world appeared to have the same look when Elon Musk’s company SpaceX managed to grab a descending booster with giant pliers. I don’t know why the world reacted the way it did to the event. We have seen more marvellous things.
I just don’t get the greatness of the booster catch. The hype was similar to the time when Musk launched his red car into space and his fans were blown, as though they had not heard of an object called a satellite that could be put to better uses than an orbiting Tesla.
I do not say that capturing a rocket booster is no scientific achievement. I just say that in 2024, it is no marvel. And that it is perceived as a marvel points to a problem.
Rocket science has always had more allure than its technological substance deserved. Even in its glory days, there were sciences that required greater human brilliance than shooting off metal to space. The phrase that actually captures the meaning of “it’s no rocket science” is probably, “it’s no malaria cure.”
But it just does not sound as cool. Even the word ‘ballistic’ carries disproportionate scientific sophistication, though it merely describes gravity. (A ‘ballistic missile’ has an unguided descent while a ‘cruise missile,’ which sounds more recreational, is guided till the very end.)
The booster that Space X grabbed on its descent was about 70 metres long, or as large as a 20-storey building. The booster slowed itself down from its initial supersonic speeds before it was clutched. Boosters usually just fall into the sea.
But if they can be reused, it would significantly lower the cost of space missions. If that is the most exciting part of the booster-grab, then I am especially disappointed as an Indian because we can send a rocket up cheaper than Space X, even if our boosters just fall off.
My quarrel is that, as an innovation, the descent of a booster is not much superior to the ascent of a rocket, especially with a human crew on board that has to be taken to a precise location and brought back.
Also, even in rocketry, a booster grab is far more modest than the performance of Israel’s iron dome, which can intercept hundreds of missiles, including hypersonic ballistic missiles, the kind Iran rained on Israel a few weeks ago. Also, we landed on the Moon in 1969, and did not repeat the feat because it was not worth the expense.
The fact that in 2024 the guided descent of a rocket booster into the waiting hands of an iron structure qualifies as a great scientific spectacle of our times at once reveals and hides the fact that modern science is a big disappointment, especially to its own initial promise.
It’s not that present-day science isn’t impressive at all. For example, modern hacking is ingenious—you receive a phone call, not even answer it, and still end up with a virus that takes over your phone.
Almost everything Israel uses to defend itself is impressive technology, and much of the best warfare science today is beyond public knowledge.
But the achievements of modern science have been modest in furthering our understanding of the nature of reality (considering how much we knew, say, by 1910), and in our quality of life, especially in medical sciences, whose hype comes from their ability to prolong death instead of rejuvenating the human body.
Today, if you wish to live well, science cannot guide you in any specific way. It can only offer a broad direction, not very different from the advice of a wise old woman if you don’t count her attempts to push her high-carb sweets. In 2024, you still have to go through a process of trial and error to figure out what works for you.
Science has stagnated in areas like air travel not because it does not know how to fly you faster. We have the tech to shoot you into space from Delhi and bring you down over New York just about two hours later.
It is just that we have not found a way to do it cheaply enough for commercial application. Even so, the fact that our grandfathers and we travel at the same speed across the world is a failure of science.
Why has science disappointed? There is a defence that incremental breakthroughs in a field get difficult over time. But there is an unsung reason.
Science may have mojo, but scientific research is often tedious, even boring. Across the world, smart young people now have many options for how to lead their lives. Even in India, upper-class parents no longer pressure their children to pursue lucrative unhappy careers.
You don’t have to do something anymore just because you are very good at it; you can follow your ‘passion,’ which is often something in the arts.
As a result, some people who might have been great engineers may be making terrible but honest movies, or those who would have been marvellous biologists might be working on the best way to compress a video file.
You could argue that there are enough people in the world, and even if some opt out of the tedious aspects of science, there are still plenty of others eager to pursue them. However, extraordinary breakthroughs typically come not from systems, but from the ingenious insights of extraordinary individuals.
I worry that the scientist capable of a breakthrough that could vastly improve my quality of life when I’m 90 might be working at SpaceX, figuring out how to catch a rocket booster instead.
On October 20 SATA honoured Maldivian tourism pioneers, Mohamed Moosa and Hussain Afeef, with the prestigious “Face of South Asia” awards for their remarkable contributions to the tourism sector during a special ceremony in the Maldives.
The awards were presented by Suraj Khan, Vice President of SATA, who first recognised Mohamed Moosa, Chairman of Champa Brothers. A trailblazer in Maldivian tourism, Moosa has become an iconic figure through his deep understanding of tourists’ evolving needs and his passion for hospitality. Under his leadership, Champa Brothers has grown into a major player in the tourism and hospitality industries, both in the Maldives and internationally. His business ventures extend to agriculture, fisheries, real estate, water desalination, and financial services, making him a key figure in the nation’s economic growth. Additionally, Moosa has received special presidential recognition for his environmental conservation efforts in the Maldives.
Hussain Afeef, Chairman of Crown Company, was also celebrated for his pivotal role in developing the Maldivian tourism industry. A pioneer with over five decades of leadership in the sector, Afeef holds interests in multiple resorts and international ventures. He is a major shareholder in KASA Holdings, which is involved in the development of Addu International Airport, and a stakeholder in Champa Brothers, one of the largest operators in Maldivian tourism. His contributions extend to his involvement with the government, where he serves on the Economic Advisory Council to the President of the Maldives and as Vice Chairman of the Maldives Association of Tourism Industry (MATI).
Lateral Sparks, the weekly quiz from YourStory, tests your domain knowledge, business acumen, and lateral thinking skills (see the previous edition here). In this 158th edition of the quiz, we present issues tackled by real-life entrepreneurs in their startup journeys. What would you do if you were in their shoes? At the end of the quiz, you will find out what the entrepreneurs and innovators themselves actually did. Would you do things differently?Check out YourStory’s Book Review section as well, with takeaways from over 355 titles on creativity and entrepreneurship, and our weekend PhotoSparks section on creativity in the arts.Q1: Industry employmentThere is often a gap between the university curriculum and industry expectations, with traditional courses not offering adequate industry exposure and relevant job-ready skills to students. How can this gap be addressed?Q2: Healthcare jobsHealthcare professionals are in high demand worldwide, but many struggle to navigate the complex processes of international licensing exams and emigration. How can such challenges be tackled?Q3: Sports activitiesMany people want to engage in sports activities, but find challenges in finding good game facilities. Women are also concerned about safety issues in such spaces. How can these challenges be solved?Q4: Twin parentingParents of twins face unique challenges in getting the right advice about raising twins or getting appropriate products for everything from sleep to travel. Where is the entrepreneurial opportunity here?Q5: Stories and empowermentUrban journalists often face challenges in reporting about rural development issues since they lack the lens of lived experience. How can such storytelling be transformed to add authenticity and character to the stories?Answers!Congratulations on having come this far! But there’s more to come–answers to these five questions (below), as well as links to articles with more details on the entrepreneurs’ solutions. Happy reading, happy learning – and happy creating!A1: Industry employment“While formal education provides a foundation, it isn’t practical or industry-oriented enough to make students truly job-ready,” observes Himanshu Singh, Co-founder of Corizo Edutech. His company’s online learning platform provides students with practical knowledge through hands-on projects and connect them with industry experts.It also offers internship programmes to give students real-world experiences and help them secure job placements. Read more here about how it has already helped 70,000 students, and built a support network with professionals from ISRO, Ericsson, LTIMindtree, NIIT, Deloitte, and Infosys. A2: Healthcare jobsDr. Akram Ahmad from the University of Sydney founded Academically Global to help healthcare professionals find suitable jobs overseas. “It was evident that there was a pressing need in the market for a platform that could guide healthcare professionals towards their desired career paths,” he explains.It has trained around 3,000 healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, MBBS doctors, physiotherapists, dentists, optometrists, and nurses. Read more here about how it has enrollments from more than 75 countries and offers expert guidance in licensing exams, job placements, and migration processes. A3: Sports activitiesSonam Taneja co-founded Hudle as a sports tech platform which connects players with sports venues. “We need more places that offer quality infrastructure, where women feel safe, there’s proper parking, clean washrooms, and everything feels accessible,” she adds.“My vision is to make sports so accessible that people can make sports a way of life,” she says. Read more here about how her platform enables online bookings, eliminates double bookings, simplifies payment processing, and automates memberships.A4: Twin parentingFounded by cousins Ruchika Agrawal and Nikita Agarwal, TwinsTribe started as a community for twin parents and has expanded to sell products. The portfolio includes detachable twin strollers that can be used as both a twin stroller as well as two single strollers, and twin bassinets that double as playpens.The platform also has activity logs that track feeding times, diaper changes, and sleep schedules. Read more here about its blogs by twin parents, doctors, and experts, and how it has achieved a run rate of Rs 40-50 lakh in six months. A5: Stories and empowermentChambal Media is a social enterprise empowering women in rural areas through mobile journalism and digital literacy. Founded in 2015 by a diverse team of rural and urban media practitioners, it showcases the stories of marginalised women in their own voices.It also trains rural women in remote districts in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar to become researchers and content creators. Read more here about how over 500 women have been trained so far by this inspiring social enterprise.YourStory has also published the pocketbook ‘Proverbs and Quotes for Entrepreneurs: A World of Inspiration for Startups’ as a creative and motivational guide for innovators (downloadable as apps here: Apple, Android).
The Streator Public Library will be passing out free books from 9 a.m. to noon Saturday, Oct. 26, to downtown trick-or-treaters.The giveaway is hosted by the Friends of the Library.Additionally, the library will have a candy scavenger hunt the week of Oct. 21. Search the library and find all of the hidden items. The theme changes weekly.4 to 5 p.m. Monday, Oct. 21: Arts and crafts, newborns to 5-plus, children. Create cute and fun projects to take home.4 to 5 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 22: Little’s Art Time, newborns to 5-plus, children. Get creative with friends in the library. Resident artist Nate will inspire imagination.5 to 5:30 p.m. Tuesday, Oct. 22: Candy story time, children 5-plus and younger. Sweet treats and sweet reads planned.6 to 7 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 23: Worst Crimes to Happen, 16 and older. A discussion about heinous crimes.10 to 10:30 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 24: Playful Pages, newborns to 4-plus, children. A toddler playdate hosted in the library.4:30 to 5:30 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 24: Game Time, ages 10-plus, teens. Video games, board games, puzzles and more.6 to 7 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 24: “Scary stories to tell in the dark” Book Club, teens/adults. Club designed for horror fans.1 to 2 p.m. Friday, Oct. 25: Tech Talk, public. An open opportunity for patrons to come in and ask tech-based questions to tech-savvy people.3:30 to 4:30 p.m. Friday, Oct. 25: Painting Academy, teens/adults. The library invites patrons to a night full of colors.
Simplifying…
Inshort
Scientists have successfully synthesized glyceric acid, a simple sugar acid, under space-like conditions, providing new insights into the origins of life.
This discovery suggests that molecules crucial for life could be more prevalent in space than previously thought, potentially forming in gas clouds like Sagittarius B2.
This breakthrough bridges the gap between prebiotic chemistry and biochemistry, bringing us a step closer to unraveling the mysteries of life’s beginnings.
Was a long read? Making it simpler…
Next Article
Glyceric acid is essential for life on Earth
Oct 20, 2024
12:05 pm
What’s the story
Astrochemist Ryan Fortenberry from the University of Mississippi and Ralf Kaiser of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, have made a groundbreaking discovery linked to the origins of life.
Their research, published recently in Physics News, involves synthesizing glyceric acid under space-like conditions.
Glyceric acid is a simple sugar acid deemed essential to life and is integral to Earth’s living organisms’ metabolism.
Acid properties
Glyceric acid: A taste of life’s origin
Glyceric acid, one of the simplest sugar acids, is unique in that it can taste sweet or sour depending on its state.
This property prompted Fortenberry to ask an interesting question about the cosmos: “Is space sweet or sour?”
He went on to elaborate that the synthesis of this molecule helps bridge a major gap in our understanding of life’s origin.
Information gap
Bridging the gap between prebiotic chemistry and biochemistry
The synthesis of glyceric acid under space-like conditions has major implications for our understanding of life’s origin.
It helps bridge the gap between small molecules studied in prebiotic chemistry, and large molecules that can contain up to 4,000 atoms.
“Within astrochemistry, there’s a big disconnect between what we call prebiotic chemistry and biochemistry,” Fortenberry said.
Molecule synthesis
Glyceric acid: A key to life’s origin puzzle
The finding that glyceric acid can form in space is a major step toward understanding how life originated on Earth.
If this molecule can be synthesized in gas clouds such as Sagittarius B2, it means the molecules that are crucial for life could be more common in space than we thought.
Kaiser said, “Understanding how these molecules form in space is crucial for unraveling the mysteries of life’s origins.”
Contributed
Revalation Vineyards attracted book enthusiasts from throughout the region recently for the 2nd Annual “No Book Left Behind: Celebrating our Freedom to Read” event.The festival in Madison County, coinciding with Banned Books Week, included presentations focused on the importance of literature and the freedom to read, along with several pop-up shops and exhibits.Writers, librarians, teachers, professors, tutors, book sellers, artists, students, and civic organization representatives all attended the family-friendly event, held from noon to 5 pm. on Sunday Sept. 29, according to a release from an event organizer, Cynthia Taylor, also with Culpeper Branch NAACP. Madison County School Board members were invited to attend, but did not, Taylor said.Local authors Susie McKenna of Charlottesville and Devlyn D’Alfonzo of Madison, along with Heather Griffin, owner of Hundred Acre Books in Culpeper, opened the festival. Moderated by Fran Roebuck, long-time librarian at the Madison County Public Library, the panel explored the writing process, impact of reading from an early age, and concerns about book banning and censorship.
People are also reading…
The second session featured Dr. Gaila Sims, vice president of programs and interpretation at the Fredericksburg Area Museum. Sims reviewed the importance of literature in her work as a museum curator, particularly in the area of African American history. She introduced the audience to several Black women writers and depictions of slavery in their novels.The final session celebrated the work of James Baldwin as the nation commemorates the 100th anniversary of his birth in Harlem.Widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers and thinkers, Baldwin’s work continues to have an enduring impact today, according to Dr. Kevin Gaines, who, along with Sims, facilitated the panel discussion.Gaines, the Julian Bond Professor of Civil Rights and Social Justice at the University of Virginia, has taught the work of Baldwin in several university classes and spoke of him as “a significant voice of the Civil Rights movement.”As part of the Baldwin session, three panelists read Baldwin’s acclaimed letter to his nephew, “My Dungeon Shook,” first published in 1962, a writing banned by the Madison County School Board.Culpeper Branch NAACP President Kaleb Hackley with Vice President Jason Ford, and Ashton Morse, director of community response with Encompass Community Supports and a founding board member of Culpeper Pride, read the letter and participated in an hour-long discussion and analysis that followed.Gaines noted Baldwin’s letter acknowledges that in the 1960s racism persisted not only in the South, but throughout the country. Gaines, Sims, the readers, and audience members all responded with surprise to the Madison County School Board’s assertion that the letter “did not reflect a love of country,” which led to its banning from the high school curriculum.Hackley stated the judgment reflected a position that was “painfully unaware” of the experience of Black Americans, and that nowhere in the letter did Baldwin condemn America—rather he spoke of love and patience.“The charge that this text does not reflect a love of country is completely false,” added Gaines. “He’s envisioning a future in which White people will understand their history and see the common humanity of Black people and renounce racism. He’s imagining a solidarity between Blacks and Whites that is absolutely crucial to his idea of achieving our country.”“I find [the idea] baffling that to understand Black history, to learn about Black history, to acknowledge the violence that is inherent in this country is to not love this country,” noted Sims. “I majored in American history, I love American history, and I love this country, but I also know about the violence, and I feel it’s a privilege to share that history. The pain is part of our history, our reality.”“The conversation that James Baldwin is having with his nephew through this letter is the same conversation that I have had with my father and grandfather,” said Hackley. “It’s very real and current.”“This situation brings up a question of patriotism right now,” added Mary Ellen Turner, an audience member. “What defines a love of country today?”Gaines added: “I guess you could say that in banning this work, the school board, or those people responsible, are against reconciliation. They’re against Black history. They are against putting Black history and Black realities in front of students.”When asked why Baldwin’s work is so enduring and impactful, panelists credited his insights and skills as a writer.“Baldwin endures because he’s able to tell hard truths,” said Gaines. “This letter was addressed to his nephew but he’s really addressing White America. He’s very committed to that dialog across the racial divide. He tells hard truths but he’s very hopeful.”Sims noted that while Baldwin has primarily been known as a novelist, his letters and essays are widely read today. Hackley added that “Baldwin’s words came from a place of love,” and wanted something better for the nation.“Reconciliation means being open to a conversation,” Gaines commented. “It means being open to growth.”“Reconciliation requires radical empathy,” added Hackley. “And it requires committed action toward that empathy.”Revalation Vineyards co-owner Francoise Seillier-Moiseiwitsch said they were honored that writers, scholars, and representatives from civic organizations participated in the festival.“They made the event insightful and very enjoyable,” she said.Supporting organizations were Madison Literacy Council, Madison Public Library, Culpeper Pride, MADSafe, NAACP Culpeper, Hundred Acre Books, and Sidney Morgan Crafts. A third book festival is slated for October 2025.
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Dubai: The ‘Big Bad Wolf’, which is the biggest book sale event in the world, is returning to Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), with an array of incredible deals for bibliophiles. The sale will return for its sixth edition at Sound Stages, Dubai Studio City, from November 29 to December 9, with daily hours from 10 am to 12 am. Visitors can expect to find two million books on sale and can avail discounts of up to 75 percent. The 11-day sale covers a number of genres, topics, and age groups, including books on business, art, and design, as well as cookbooks and illustrated children’s titles. Since its launch in 2009, the Big Bad Wolf Books Sale has expanded globally, visiting 38 cities in 15 countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand, and the African continent.
The first glimpse of Clarkson Farm series four has been shared online, with filming well underway for the Prime Video series. The hit show is back in action, with cameras rolling once again, and Jeremy Clarkson’s partner Lisa Hogan treated followers to a glimpse behind the curtain. Taking to X, the platform formerly known as…
New isotopic analysis of asteroid Ryugu’s samples from Japan’s Hayabusa2 mission indicates a formation near Jupiter, not beyond Saturn, revealing intricate details about the early Solar System’s asteroid formation processes. Credit: JAXA
Samples from asteroid Ryugu have once again surprised scientists, challenging previous ideas about how carbon-rich asteroids form.
New research published in Science Advances suggests that Ryugu may have formed near Jupiter, rather than beyond Saturn’s orbit as earlier studies indicated. Four years ago, Japan’s Hayabusa 2 mission brought back samples of Ryugu to Earth. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS) in Germany compared the types of nickel found in these samples to those in typical carbon-rich meteorites. Their findings suggest a new possibility: different carbon-rich asteroids may have formed in the same region near Jupiter, though through varying processes and about two million years apart.
Global Journey of Ryugu Samples
Since the Hayabusa 2 probe delivered Ryugu’s samples to Earth in December 2020, the material has been thoroughly analyzed. The tiny, jet-black grains were initially examined in Japan and then sent to research facilities worldwide. There, scientists measured, weighed, and chemically analyzed the samples, subjecting them to infrared, X-ray, and synchrotron radiation tests. At the MPS, researchers focused on the ratios of metal isotopes, including nickel. These isotopic studies, which involve examining elements with differing neutron counts, help scientists pinpoint where in the Solar System Ryugu likely formed.
Ryugu’s Journey Through the Solar System
Ryugu is a near-Earth asteroid: Its orbit around the Sun crosses that of Earth (without risk of collision). However, researchers assume that, like other near-Earth asteroids, Ryugu is not native to the inner Solar System, but traveled there from the asteroid belt located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The actual birthplaces of the asteroid belt population are probably even further away from the Sun, outside the orbit of Jupiter.
Ryugu’s “family relations” can help shed light on its origin and further evolution. To what degree does Ryugu resemble the representatives of well-known classes of meteorites? These are fragments of asteroids that have made their way from space to Earth.
About two million years after the formation of the Solar System, the first carbonaceous chondrites made of dust, chondrules, early condensates and iron-nickel grains agglomerated outside the orbit of the still young Jupiter. About two million years later, the CI chondrites were formed by photoevaporation. They incorporated a particularly large number of iron-nickel grains. Credit: MPS (Fridolin Spitzer)
Investigations in recent years have yielded a surprise: Ryugu fits into the large crowd of carbon-rich meteorites, the carbonaceous chondrites, as expected. However, detailed studies of its composition assign it to a rare group: the so-called CI chondrites. These are also known as Ivuna-type chondrites, named after the Tanzanian location where their best-known representative was found. In addition to the Ivuna chondrite itself, only eight others of these exotic specimens have been discovered to date. As their chemical composition is similar to that of the Sun, they are considered to be particularly pristine material that was formed at the outermost edge of the Solar System.
“So far, we had assumed that Ryugu’s place of origin is also outside Saturn’s orbit,” explains MPS scientist Dr. Timo Hopp, co-author of the current study, who has already led earlier investigations into Ryugu’s isotopic composition.
The latest analyses by the Göttingen scientists now paint a different picture. For the first time, the team investigated the ratios of nickel isotopes in four samples of the asteroid Ryugu and six samples of carbonaceous chondrites. The results confirm the close relationship between Ryugu and the CI chondrites. However, the idea of a common birthplace at the edge of the Solar System is no longer compelling.
A Revised Understanding of Cosmic Ingredients
What had happened? Until now, researchers had understood carbonaceous chondrites as mixtures of three “ingredients” that can even be seen with the naked eye in cross-sections. Embedded in fine-grained rock, round, millimeter-sized inclusions as well as smaller, irregularly shaped inclusions are densely packed together. The irregular inclusions are the first material to have condensed into solid clumps in the hot gas disk that once orbited the Sun. The round silicate-rich chondrules formed later.
Until now, researchers have attributed differences in the isotopic composition between CI chondrites and other groups of carbonaceous chondrites to different mixing ratios of these three ingredients. CI chondrites, for example, consist predominantly of fine-grained rock, while their siblings are significantly richer in inclusions. However, as the team describes in the current publication, the results of the nickel measurements do not fit into this scheme.
The researchers’ calculations now show that their measurements can only be explained by a fourth ingredient: tiny iron-nickel grains, which must also have accumulated during the formation of the asteroids. In the case of Ryugu and the CI chondrites, this process must have been particularly efficient. “Completely different processes must have been at work in the formation of Ryugu and the CI chondrites on the one hand and the other groups of carbonaceous chondrites on the other,” says Fridolin Spitzer from the MPS, first author of the new study, summarizing the basic idea.
Surprising Discoveries in Asteroid Research
According to the researchers, the first carbonaceous chondrites began to form around two million years after the formation of the Solar System. Attracted by the gravitational force of the still-young Sun, dust and the first solid clumps made their way from the outer edge of the gas and dust disk into the inner Solar System, but encountered an obstacle along the way: the newly forming Jupiter.
Outside its orbit, the heavier and larger clumps in particular accumulated – and thus grew into carbonaceous chondrites with their many inclusions. Towards the end of this development, after around two million years, another process gained the upper hand: under the influence of the Sun, the original gas gradually evaporated outside Jupiter’s orbit leading to the accumulation of primarily dust and iron-nickel grains. This led to the birth of the CI chondrites.
“The results surprised us very much. We had to completely rethink – not only with regard to Ryugu, but also with regard to the entire group of CI chondrites,” says Dr. Christoph Burkhard from the MPS. The CI chondrites no longer appear as distant, somewhat exotic relatives of the other carbonaceous chondrites from the outermost edge of the Solar System, but rather as younger siblings that may have formed in the same region, but through a different process and later.
“The current study shows how crucial laboratory investigations can be in deciphering the formation history of our Solar System,” says Prof. Dr. Thorsten Kleine, Director of the Department of Planetary Sciences at the MPS and co-author of the study.
Reference: “The Ni isotopic composition of Ryugu reveals a common accretion region for carbonaceous chondrites” by Fridolin Spitzer, Thorsten Kleine, Christoph Burkhardt, Timo Hopp, Tetsuya Yokoyama, Yoshinari Abe, Jérôme Aléon, Conel M. O’D Alexander, Sachiko Amari, Yuri Amelin, Ken-ichi Bajo, Martin Bizzarro, Audrey Bouvier, Richard W. Carlson, Marc Chaussidon, Byeon-Gak Choi, Nicolas Dauphas, Andrew M. Davis, Tommaso Di Rocco, Wataru Fujiya, Ryota Fukai, Ikshu Gautam, Makiko K. Haba, Yuki Hibiya, Hiroshi Hidaka, Hisashi Homma, Peter Hoppe, Gary R. Huss, Kiyohiro Ichida, Tsuyoshi Iizuka, Trevor R. Ireland, Akira Ishikawa, Shoichi Itoh, Noriyuki Kawasaki, Noriko T. Kita, Kouki Kitajima, Shintaro Komatani, Alexander N. Krot, Ming-Chang Liu, Yuki Masuda, Mayu Morita, Fréderic Moynier, Kazuko Motomura, Izumi Nakai, Kazuhide Nagashima, Ann Nguyen, Larry Nittler, Morihiko Onose, Andreas Pack, Changkun Park, Laurette Piani, Liping Qin, Sara S. Russell, Naoya Sakamoto, Maria Schönbächler, Lauren Tafla, Haolan Tang, Kentaro Terada, Yasuko Terada, Tomohiro Usui, Sohei Wada, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Richard J. Walker, Katsuyuki Yamashita, Qing-Zhu Yin, Shigekazu Yoneda, Edward D. Young, Hiroharu Yui, Ai-Cheng Zhang, Tomoki Nakamura, Hiroshi Naraoka, Takaaki Noguchi, Ryuji Okazaki, Kanako Sakamoto, Hikaru Yabuta, Masanao Abe, Akiko Miyazaki, Aiko Nakato, Masahiro Nishimura, Tatsuaki Okada, Toru Yada, Kasumi Yogata, Satoru Nakazawa, Takanao Saiki, Satoshi Tanaka, Fuyuto Terui, Yuichi Tsuda, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Makoto Yoshikawa, Shogo Tachibana and Hisayoshi Yurimoto, 27 September 2024, Science Advances.DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2426