Sarawak Book Fair returns in collab with Sarawak Authors Festival

(From fourth left) Japri and Dr Sim show the event flyers joined by officials at Wisma Bapa Malaysia today. – Photo by Agnes Tugong
KUCHING (Oct 25): The Sarawak Book Fair, previously called the Kuching Book Fair, is returning for its third edition in collaboration with the Sarawak Authors Festival (SAF) 2024 this Oct 28 to Nov 3.
To take place at The Hills Shopping Mall here, the festival will feature 60 exhibitors and a dynamic programme of activities for visitors throughout its seven-day run.
Deputy Premier Datuk Amar Dr Sim Kui Hian emphasised the importance of the book fair in fostering a culture of reading among the public.
“Our Premier (Datuk Patinggi Tan Sri Abang Johari Tun Openg) is well-informed because he reads extensively. We too must read more to enhance our knowledge.
“With Sarawak on its way to becoming a developed state by 2030, we need to transform our people through education, and reading is essential to that,” he told a press conference at Wisma Bapa Malaysia here today.
Also present was Sarawak State Library CEO Japri Bujang Masli.
Organised by Sarawak State Library, the fair would be officiated by Dr Sim on Oct 30 at the exhibition venue.
This year’s event promises over 70 engaging activities, including the book fair, Authors Festival, free membership drive campaign, Special Needs Open Day, blood donation campaign, engaging talks, u-Pustaka Literacy sessions, Global Media and Information Literacy Week, author meet and greet sessions, hands-on experiences in the Makerspace, and more.
The fair aims to promote Sarawak’s book and publishing industry at national and international levels, provide a platform for local authors to collaborate with publishers, and showcase the publications and services of the Sarawak State Library.
Among the exhibitors would be Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) Sarawak, Popular Book Co (M) Sdn Bhd, My Bookstore Sdn Bhd, Benzamine Book Center Sdn Bhd, Firdaus Press Publications, Penerbit USM, Buku Fixi Sdn Bhd, and Penerbit Mardi.
Also exhibiting would be Yayasan Sarawak, the Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia (MyIPO), the Librarians Association of Malaysia, Sarawak Chapter (PPMKSAR), Agro Bank, and US Education among others.

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Hong Kong International Optical Fair to open in November Focus on advanced technology and sustainable design

Over 700 exhibitors from 17 countries and regions to participate from 6-8 November at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre
Exhibition reflects four prominent market trends: technology, lifestyle, functionality and sustainability
Concurrent Hong Kong International Optometric Symposium to explore latest breakthroughs in myopia control and prevention
Finalists of the 24th Hong Kong Eyewear Design Competition to be unveiled
HONG KONG SAR – Media OutReach Newswire – 25 October 2024 – The 32nd Hong Kong International Optical Fair, organised by the Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) and co-organised by the Hong Kong Optical Manufacturers Association (HKOMA), will take place on 6-8 November at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre. Under the theme of Seeing is Believing, the Fair features innovative and state-of-the-art eyewear designs and products, bringing together industry players to facilitate new business opportunities.

Last year’s Hong Kong International Optical Fair was a great success

Buyer Registration link: https://tinyurl.com/mwpzh324
Sophia Chong, Acting Executive Director of the HKTDC emphasised: “This year’s Hong Kong International Optical Fair, a long-standing industry highlight for over 30 years, is more international than ever, attracting more than 700 exhibitors from 17 countries and regions. The fair reflects the dynamic evolution in eyewear design and technology. Exhibitors worldwide are aligning their products with key trends in technology, lifestyle, functionality and sustainability to capture expanded market opportunities. This exhibition, which is truly a feast for the eyes, demonstrates Hong Kong’s advantages as an international trade and procurement centre.”
Hong Kong ranks as the world’s third-largest exporter of eyewear and frames. The total export value of Hong Kong’s eyewear, lenses and frames is estimated to have reached HK$19.9 billion in 2023, signalling substantial growth. The smart eyewear sector has emerged as an industry focal point, with the global market exceeding HK$40 billion in 2023 and projected to surpass HK$100 billion by 2029.
Exhibitors from around the globe, including Europe and Americas, such as France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as Asia such as Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Türkiye in the Middle East, and more, will present their latest offerings at the fair. Prominent Hong Kong brands will also have a significant presence.
This year’s Optical Fair will feature a number of group pavilions, including Mainland China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan, as well as the Visionaries of Style and HKOMA Pavilion; along with pavilions from cities in Mainland China, including Danyang in Jiangsu, Jiaojiang in Zhejiang, Shenzhen in Guangdong and Yingtan in Jiangxi.
The Brand Name Gallery, the focal point of the Fair, will showcase over 200 renowned global brands. Other zones will present a broad spectrum of eyewear products, including Smart Eyewear, Contact Lenses & Accessories, Designer Café pavilion, Sporting & Professional Eyewear, Kids Eyewear & Reading Glasses, Lenses, Frames & Parts, Eyewear Accessories, Diagnostic Instruments, as well as Optometric Instruments, Equipment & Machinery.
The 22nd Hong Kong International Optometric Symposium will be held on 7 November. Jointly organised by the HKTDC, the Hong Kong Optometric Association and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, this year’s symposium will focus on myopia control and prevention. Scholars from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Australia, and Germany will lead discussions with industry professionals. The symposium is a pre-approved CPD Programme recognised by the Optometrists Board and attendees will receive a Certificate of Attendance. The Fair will also offer talks and seminars on smart eyewear, functional eyewear, sustainability and other advancements in the eyewear industry.
To foster Hong Kong’s creativity and innovation, the HKTDC and HKOMA will run the 24th Hong Kong Eyewear Design Competition under the theme of Be Bold. Results will be announced during the Hong Kong International Optical Fair. Winning and final entries will be on display at The Forum, Hall 1D during the fair period to showcase Hong Kong’s creativity to international buyers.
Under the EXHIBITION+ hybrid model, exhibitors and buyers can meet online through the Click2Match business matching platform in addition to attending the physical fair until 15 November. Buyers can also use the Scan2Match feature of the HKTDC Marketplace App to scan the QR codes of exhibitors and view product materials, bookmark favourites, browse product information and floor plans, as well as engage with exhibitors before and after the fairs to continue their sourcing journey.
Featured Products Exhibitors at the forefront of the industry are unveiling an array of innovative eyewear products in line with technology, lifestyle, functionality and sustainability trends. Some of the highlighted products are:
Technology:

Solos AirGo™ V – Smart Eyewear Equipped with a camera, Solos AirGo™ V is the world’s first smart eyewear with ChatGPT-4 functionality, and provides instant responses to what you see Solos Technology Limited Product Zone: Visionaries of Style Booth: GH-B26

Reform Eyewear Reform features a new patented flexible frame technology that seamlessly adapts to any frame shape, size, colour or material, suitable for both prescription and sunglasses. This innovation offers endless possibilities for eyewear design, while ensuring safety and comfort. Icare (Hong Kong) Company Limited Product Zone: Hong Kong Optical Manufacturers Association Pavilion Booth: 1E-C08

Lifestyle:

Fashion-Forward Yagioka Eyewear The local design brand Big Horn has launched the Yagioka eyewear line, featuring a modern and refined design that is perfect for fashion-forward people. This eyewear design was a finalist for the USA Accessories Council’s Design Excellence Awards 2024. The Panda eyewear series draws inspiration for its colours and shapes from the beloved animal. Crafted with precision and made from high-quality biodegradable materials, it combines functionality with aesthetic appeal. Winky International Limited Product Zone: Brand Name Gallery Booth: GH-R03

Rosie Allan – A Design for Both Parents and Children Established in 2020, Rosie Allan transcends being just a brand; it celebrates family bonds and unforgettable moments. Specialising in 100% handcrafted acetate sunglasses, the matching parent-child collection symbolises love and togetherness. Rosie Allan Pty Ltd Product Zone: Brand Name Gallery Booth: GH-D07

Luxury Jewellery-inspired Handcrafted Eyewear This Japanese brand merges high-end jewellery design with eyewear, utilising premium materials, such as 18K gold and natural diamonds. Each pair is meticulously handcrafted with a commitment to artisanal craftsmanship and is specifically designed for Asian facial features, exuding elegance. Inon Co. Ltd. Product Zone: Japan Pavilion Booth: GH-B12

Functionality:

Nano Vista Children’s Sports Eyewear Crafted exclusively for kids and young athletes, Nano Vista – a Spanish brand – offers eyewear designed for outdoor activities. It is internationally recognised for safety, meets European EN166:2001 standards and is endorsed by top sports federations. Opticon Ltd Product Zone: Brand Name Gallery Booth: GH-C06

Sustainability:

Sustainable Eyewear Frame Solution The eyewear frames are made from BioCell material. BioCell is a cellulose acetate derived from cotton or wood pulp, certified as biodegradable according to ISO 14855 standards. It contains no industry-standard plasticisers and is compatible with polycarbonate lenses. Eleung Limited Product Zone: Hong Kong Optical Manufacturers Association Pavilion Booth: 1E-D14

Eco-Friendly Nylon and PC Lenses Eco-friendly nylon and polycarbonate (PC) lenses are produced using sustainable materials, reducing carbon emissions during the manufacturing process. They feature high abrasion and scratch resistance and have received multiple certifications. Even in low-temperature conditions, they maintain hardness and toughness, providing excellent clarity and optical transmission performance. Mellan Limited Product Zone: Frames & Parts Booth: 1E-C28

Websites:
The 32nd Hong Kong International Optical Fair:https://www.hktdc.com/event/hkopticalfair/en
Event Details of the Hong Kong International Optical Fair: https://www.hktdc.com/event/hkopticalfair/en/intelligence-hub
The 22nd Hong Kong International Optometric Symposium: https://www.hktdc.com/event/hkopticalfair/en/the-22nd-hong-kong-international-optometric-symposium
The HKTDC’s Media Room: http://mediaroom.hktdc.com/en

Fair Details (Physical)

Date:
6 – 8 November (Wednesday to Friday)

Time:
(6 to 7 November) 9:30am – 6:30pm (8 November) 9:30am – 5:00pm

Venue:
Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre

Admission:
For trade visitors aged 18 or above only. Onsite Registration Fee: HK$100 per person (free for e-Badge registration and pre-registered buyers)

Click2Match – Smart Business Matching Platform

Date:
30 October – 15 November

Hashtag: #HKTDC
The issuer is solely responsible for the content of this announcement.

About HKTDC
The Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) is a statutory body established in 1966 to promote, assist and develop Hong Kong’s trade. With 50 offices globally, including 13 in Mainland China, the HKTDC promotes Hong Kong as a two-way global investment and business hub. The HKTDC organises international exhibitions, conferences and business missions to create business opportunities for companies, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), in the mainland and international markets. The HKTDC also provides up-to-date market insights and product information via research reports and digital news channels. For more information, please visit: www.hktdc.com/aboutus. Follow us on Twitter @hktdc, LinkedIn.

AI Will Shape The Business Agenda In The APAC Region Next Year

Get ready for some major changes in the APAC business landscape in 2025! AI-driven initiatives will be the driving force behind tech improvements for companies in the region. After having spent more than a year or so piloting and experimenting with generative AI in 2024, businesses will face the harsh realities of the region-specific challenges ahead. Brace yourselves for stricter AI and data privacy regulations, limited data and analytics capabilities, and ever-evolving customer demands.

Leading firms are already taking a close look at their digital investments and working hard to enhance their performance through targeted data and AI investments. They know that the key to success lies in embracing technology and staying ahead of the game. And they’re not alone in this journey. With a combination of strong technical expertise, increased tech spending, and regional tech providers offering tailored solutions, APAC business leaders will be able to meet the demands of both regulators and customers.

With all that in mind, this year’s predictions for APAC are a culmination of changes that organizations will make across their value chains to win in the impending era of AI:

Sixty percent of APAC firms will localize AI with regionally trained language models.

In 2025, AI innovation strategies in the APAC region will be reshaped by diverse customer needs, regulatory challenges, and linguistic barriers. We believe that 60% of firms and governments in major markets such as India and China will integrate locally developed large language models alongside global ones, targeting sectors like finance, education, and healthcare. Unlike the US’s focus on public cloud, 90% of large enterprises in Greater China will favor a hybrid strategy with private cloud. Geopolitical tensions will further propel regional AI investments, while local AI chipsets are set to power over 5% of AI computing in China, enhancing technology self-sufficiency.
A common APAC-wide AI legislative framework will remain a distant dream.
The Asia Pacific region showcases a fragmented landscape for AI legislation, unlike the EU’s unified approach. While many countries share core principles like citizen protection and data privacy, their implementations vary widely. For example, Singapore promotes responsible AI with mature guidelines, whereas China focuses on laws against algorithmic misconduct. India uses existing criminal laws for similar issues. Though initiatives such as the ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics are emerging, they are still early-stage, requiring APAC organizations to invest in compliance tailored to each country’s regulations as AI adoption expands.

One in five APAC firms will make measurement of digital performance a top priority.
Forrester’s 2024 survey data reveals that only 38% of digital decision-makers use KPIs to assess digital initiatives. Despite robust digital budgets for 2025, many APAC firms struggle to connect various metrics to financial KPIs. To bridge this gap, leading companies will invest in measurement intelligence technologies and establish cross-functional task forces to enhance measurement practices. Digital leaders should be cautious of genAI dashboard solutions, however, as vendors often underestimate the complexities involved in data integration and analysis.

Download Forrester’s complimentary Predictions guide, which covers more of our top predictions for 2025. Get additional complimentary resources, including webinars, on the Predictions 2025 hub.

This post was written by VP, Research Director Ashutosh Sharma and it originally appeared here.

World Bank Meeting, Washington DC reveals looming labour crisis in developing countries 

By Osman Mubarik Abu 

The ongoing World Bank Group annual meeting in Washington DC, reveals that in the next decade, 1.2 billion young people will require employment, but only 400 million jobs will be available. 

The Co-Founder of the Tudu Center for Leadership and Development, Osman Mubarik Abu, made this revelation to media personnel at the ongoing 2024 World Bank Meeting in Washington DC.

He indicated that available facts from the World Bank predict this claim and further analysed that, per the data, developing countries would be the worst affected in this labour crisis.

He lamented that there is a current skills mismatch between what graduates are being trained in and what the job market is being sort after. 

He appealed to governments and other stakeholders in Africa and Ghana to be specific and immediately start rethinking and reviewing the current curriculum of education to at least mitigate the pending danger ahead of the crisis against the youth graduating from the institutions.

Mr. Osman, who is participating in the World Bank policy forum during the three-day meeting, featuring experts, held discussions on various issues, including transparency in domestic debts and oversight of public debt, the need to use Agro-food systems as an engine for sustainable growth, and job creation.

Key issue that captured a lot of attention was the transition of green technologies and how create more jobs and the future of work for women and men. 

The discussions also focused on sustainable development and the impact of investing in essential public services. 

The World Bank President Ajay Banga joined experts, including the former Prime Minister of Côte d’Ivoire Patrick Achi, to discuss how to create more dignified jobs for young people, particularly from developing countries. 

H.E. Patrick Achi, a former Prime Minister of Côte d’Ivoire, advised developing countries to immediately consider the low hanging fruit in dealing with the issue of education mismatch by “improving upon the quality of education delivery instead of just churing out graduates from the schools”.

More stories here

Related

Sliver of cool surface water 2mm deep helps oceans absorb CO2, say scientists

A sliver of cool surface water less than 2mm deep helps oceans absorb carbon dioxide, a British-led team of scientists has established after months of voyages across the Atlantic painstakingly measuring gas and temperature levels.The subtle difference in temperature between the “ocean skin” and the layer of water beneath it creates an interface that leads to more CO2 being taken in, the scientists observed.They used highly sensitive equipment to measure the water temperature and to spot and record tiny differences in the amount of CO2 in the air swirling towards the ocean surface and away again.The work is seen as important in the development of climate modelling because oceans absorbs about a quarter of human carbon emissions.Daniel Ford, a research fellow at the University of Exeter, said: “With the Cop29 climate change conference taking place next month, this work highlights the importance of the oceans, but it should also help us improve the global carbon assessments that are used to guide emission reductions.”Ford was onboard the research ship RRS Discovery, which sailed between Southampton and Punta Arenas in Chile. He said: “The cruise involved seven weeks of keeping all the different instrumentation working together to collect the wide array of measurements used in the study.“We went through very rough seas in the north Atlantic and near the Falklands, which was challenging, but we had respite when near the equator with mirror glass ocean.”The 2mm sliver of water is slightly colder because of the “cool skin effect”, which is caused by heat leaving the water as it is in direct contact with the atmosphere.The results, published in the Nature Geoscience journal, have been passed on to the Global Carbon Budget assessment, a worldwide consortium of scientists set up to establish a common understanding of the Earth’s carbon cycle.Prof Jamie Shutler, an ocean and atmospheric scientist at the University of Exeter, said the “ocean skin” was very slightly cooler than the layer of water beneath it. The absorbing of CO2 is controlled by the concentration difference in gases across these layers.Shutler said the effects were first suggested in the early 1990s. “But the key missing piece – the field evidence – eluded us,” he said.Gavin Tilstone, from Plymouth Marine Laboratory, said: “This discovery highlights the intricacy of the ocean’s water column structure and how it can influence CO2 drawdown. Understanding these subtle mechanisms is crucial as we continue to refine our climate models and predictions. It underscores the ocean’s vital role in regulating the planet’s carbon cycle and climate.”

‘We have emotions too’: Climate scientists respond to attacks on objectivity

Climate scientists who were mocked and gaslighted after speaking up about their fears for the future have said acknowledging strong emotions is vital to their work.The researchers said these feelings should not be suppressed in an attempt to reach supposed objectivity. Seeing climate experts’ fears and opinions about the climate crisis as irrelevant suggests science is separate from society and ultimately weakens it, they said.The researchers said they had been subject to ridicule by some scientists after taking part in a large Guardian survey of experts in May, during which they and many others expressed their feelings of extreme fear about future temperature rises and the world’s failure to take sufficient action. They said they had been told they were not qualified to take part in this broad discussion of the climate crisis, were spreading doom and were not impartial.However, the researchers said that embracing their emotions was necessary to do good science and was a spur to working towards better ways of tackling the climate crisis and the rapidly increasing damage being done to the world. They also said that those dismissing their fears as doom-laden and alarmist were speaking frequently from a position of privilege in western countries, with little direct experience of the effects of the climate crisis.The three experts have published a comment article in the journal Nature Climate Change, titled Scientists have emotional responses to climate change too. They said that, at a point when the climate crisis has already arrived and the key questions are how to limit and survive it, their aim in speaking out was to start a discussion about how climate experts across all disciplines can best communicate the urgency needed with the public.Pretending to be a “robot” is bad science, said Dr Shobha Maharaj, an author of the Nature article from the University of Fiji. “The basic definition of science is to take all parameters into consideration. If you pretend your emotions don’t exist, then you’re not looking at the big picture.”She added: “Scientists have generally been very cautious with how they communicate, and where has that gotten us right now. I’m not saying that we should just flare up into a frenzy and say ‘Oh my God, this is the end’. But being honest and candid about the truth should never be hidden.”Prof Lisa Schipper from the University of Bonn, who is also an author of the article, said: “As social scientists, we are very much aware that there is no such thing as neutral or unbiased [science] – you just have to take steps to make sure that your bias doesn’t take over.”The ideal of objectivity in science has long been criticised by philosophers of science, who argue that it is impossible to attain and not necessarily desirable in any case.“If you don’t acknowledge your emotions, then where are you going to get that impetus to do better as a scientist?” Maharaj said. “We should not continue to trivialise the fact that we are climate scientists and we have emotions too.”Schipper said: “If you feel strongly and care, that emotion is also allowing us to continue to study places, people and phenomena that are unfortunately part of the sad destruction of the planet. I don’t think we have the choice now to be unemotional about climate change research.”Maharaj also raised the issue of privilege. “Being a woman of colour from the global south and a scientist, I’m used to having everything I say pushed back against, so I didn’t at first find the trolling at all surprising, but I did find it concerning. They were saying we can’t be candid about what we think and how we feel because that’s going to just paralyse people into inaction because of the fear.“This pushback is coming from people in place[s] of privilege, who most likely have had very little to no lived experience on the frontlines of climate change. Climate scientists from the global south, who are on the frontlines, are not going to say that because I’m expressing worry about this we should stop trying to find solutions. In fact, quite the opposite. They say this should be the impetus to actually do more and to work harder.”Schipper said expressing their fears also guards against the normalisation of the impacts of the climate crisis, from heatwave deaths to people left homeless by floods to falling polar bear populations. “When we’re calling out and saying we’re really worried, we’re upset, it should remind people that these things are not OK.”The third author of the Nature article was Prof Gretta Pecl, from the University of Tasmania, Australia. She said tracking the destruction of the Great Barrier Reef over 30 years had left her tearful at times, but that the feelings of fear fuelled her to work harder. “We experience distress when faced with impacts of climate change because we care, because we love the natural world and because we want to do what we can to minimise pain and suffering of fellow humans.”The scientists said their aim in speaking out was to stimulate discussion. “Our point is not to create arguments among scientists but to start talking about these elephants in the room: emotions and privilege,” said Maharaj. “We need to come together and understand each other. The public are looking to us for information and deserve no less.”

Is Childproofing The Internet Constitutional? A Tech Law Expert Draws Out The Issues

Mounting pressure to regulate children’s use of technology in the United States raises the question: Is childproofing the internet constitutional?In response to significant political pressure stemming from alarming revelations about youth experience with digital technologies, a wave of state laws have recently passed across the U.S. They address a variety of online harms affecting children, ranging from exposure to pornography and risky content to manipulative design and social media access.
Most of the newly passed state laws have already been challenged, and those challenges are working their way up through the appeals process of the court system. In the 2024-25 term, the U.S. Supreme Court will review the constitutionality of a Texas law that obligates porn sites to block underage users in the case Free Speech Coalition v. Paxton.
The controversy found its way to the highest court after a federal district court determined that the law violated the First Amendment but the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals overturned the lower court decision. The 5th Circuit ruling compared the new law with those banning the sale of pornography magazines to minors in the 1960s, which were ruled constitutional.
While the court considers the Texas law, the U.S. House will be considering the Kids Online Safety Act, known as KOSA, and the Children and Teens Online Privacy Protection Act, referred to as COPPA 2.0, because it updates the 1998 Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, COPPA. KOSA addresses addictive design features and parental controls, and COPPA limits data collection and use. Senate leaders merged the two into KOSPA, which passed 91-3.
Age-Gating
All these laws demand that platforms treat children differently from adults, and so require platforms to know who is a child and who is an adult. This practice is referred to as age-gating and includes a few methods.
The old COPPA 1.0 added restrictions, responsibilities and liability for sites directed at kids or sites that had knowledge a user was under 13. Most sites avoid the law’s restrictions and requirements by simply including language in their terms of service forbidding those under 13 from creating an account. Others, like Facebook, eventually went further, asking the user to input their age or date of birth. Kids long ago learned to circumvent the virtually meaningless barrier.
The new wave of laws requires more, using one of two age-gating options: inference and verification. To infer age, the platforms make a good guess by using data generated by the user, either through biometric scans of the face or voice or analysis of the data troves the platforms already collect for targeted advertising. Age verification involves relying on evidence already vetted by another institution such as a government ID or credit card.
While the inference method provokes significant privacy concerns, age-gating advocates argue that age verification at the operating system or browser level is effective and doesn’t burden users or put their privacy at risk.
The last time the constitutionality of age-gating the internet came before the Supreme Court, the law did not survive. In 1997, the Supreme Court in Reno v. ACLU invalidated provisions of the Communications Decency Act enacted to protect children from exposure to explicit material online because they lacked the precision required to narrowly target unprotected speech. Congress made some adjustments and tried again with the Children’s Online Protection Act, not to be confused with COPPA, which ultimately failed as well but under a highly fractured court.
3 Questions
While the constitutional analysis, the technology and the associated research are fairly complex, the outcome depends on answers to three main questions.
To limit sharing or accessing content, the government needs to have a good reason. So, the first question to ask is whether the harms to kids are really that bad and whether the challenged law mitigates the harms. Laws sometimes fail this test.
Like in 2011, when the Supreme Court scuttled California’s attempt to prohibit the sale of violent video games to minors, Utah’s efforts to limit children’s access to social media recently stalled after the government could not convince the district court that a compelling link exists between youth mental health problems and social media.
The second question is whether restrictions and obligations related to children place burdens on speakers and seekers who have legitimate rights to share and access information freely. While the 5th Circuit maneuvered around this question by relying on the constitutionality of laws that require showing an ID to access offline pornography, other courts have gotten technical. For instance, Arkansas’s Social Media Safety Act did not survive because the court determined adults would be deterred from creating accounts if it involved producing an ID or biometric scans.
This question may come down to not only the technical reality or potential of age-gating but also user experience research.
The third question is whether alternatives, namely parental controls, work better and leave adult access unhindered. Although some parents and policymakers insist parental controls have not worked to protect children, lower courts considering the new wave of age-gating have found that parental controls remain superior options for addressing online harms to children, just like the Supreme Court did two decades ago.
Nobody knows how the Supreme Court will answer these three questions this time around. So much has changed. The court has changed, the technology has changed, the research has changed, childhood has changed. If age-gating laws are upheld as constitutional, more big changes are likely to follow.
This article is republished from The Conversation, a nonprofit media outlet that uses academic and research content. Read the original article: https://theconversation.com/is-childproofing-the-internet-constitutional…