Enceladus is a tiny moon of Saturn that sprays water vapor and ice grains into space from an ocean hidden beneath its icy crust — meaning a spacecraft can sample material from an alien sea without ever landing.

This is accurate, and a spacecraft has already done it. Enceladus, a moon of Saturn only about 500 kilometres across, has a global ocean of liquid water under a shell of ice. Through fractures near its south pole, that ocean vents continuously into space as a plume of water vapour and fine ice grains. Between […]

In 1908, something exploded in the sky over Siberia with hundreds of times the energy of the Hiroshima bomb, flattening more than 2,000 square kilometres of forest. When scientists finally reached the site years later, they found no crater at all

On the morning of 30 June 1908, an object from space exploded above the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River in central Siberia. It flattened roughly 2,150 square kilometres of forest, an area larger than Greater London, and tens of millions of trees were knocked down in a pattern that radiated outward from a single […]

The human genome contains traces of ancient viruses that infected our ancestors millions of years ago — and some of those viral leftovers were later repurposed into genes that help make human pregnancy possible

Both halves of this claim are well supported, and neither rests on a single study. About 8 percent of the human genome, by the standard estimate, consists of sequences left behind by ancient retroviruses. And among those sequences are a small number of genes that the body now uses to build the placenta. The viral […]

JPL’s management contract is suddenly up for grabs for the first time since the 1930s, and NASA’s own language shows why this is more than a routine procurement fight

For the first time since the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s origins in the 1930s, Caltech’s hold on one of the most important institutions in American robotic space exploration is no longer automatic. NASA has announced that it will compete the next contract for managing and operating JPL, the federally funded research and development center in Southern […]